How many species of mammals are there?
How many species of mammals are there?
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyx147
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Upham, Nathan S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burgin, Connor J.;Colella, Jocelyn P.;Upham, Nathan S.
准确的分类学是生物多样性研究的核心，因为它为分类群采样和结果解释提供了必要的进化框架。虽然哺乳动物纲中已确认的物种数量随着时间的推移而增加，但这些增加的列表依赖于零星发布修订的汇编，如《世界哺乳动物物种》(MSW)系列。在这里，我们展示了哺乳动物多样性数据库，这是一个数字的、公众可访问的、可更新的所有哺乳动物物种名单，现在可以在网上获得：https://mammaldiversity.org.随着描述新物种和更高分类变化的手稿发布，MDD将继续更新。从MSW第三版(MSW3)的基线开始，我们对2004年以来发表的分类变化进行了回顾，并在交互的分层数据库中将物种名称与其原始描述和后续修订文章进行了数字链接。我们发现了6495种目前已知的哺乳动物(96种最近灭绝，6399种现存)，而在MSW3中发现了5416种(75种灭绝，5341种现存)-在大约13年的时间里增加了1079种，其中包括最近500年新描述的灭绝11种。我们列出了1,251个新物种识别，至少172个单位，以及多个重大的、更高级别的变化，包括增加了88个属(现在为1,314个，而MSW3为1,226个)和14个新识别的科(167个，而不是153个)。对新物种随时间和跨生物地理区域的描述的分析表明，全球的长期比率类似于每年确认的25个物种，其中新热带地区是哺乳动物物种密度最高的生物地理区，其次是非热带地区。MDD为哺乳动物社区提供了一个可更新的分类变化在线数据库，加入了已经为两栖动物(两栖动物网站，AMNH的世界两栖物种)、鸟类(例如，Avibase、国际海洋学委员会世界鸟类名录、HBW Alive)、非鸟类爬行动物(爬行动物数据库)和鱼类(例如，鱼类基地、鱼类目录)建立的数字努力。
Accurate taxonomy is central to the study of biological diversity, as it provides the needed evolutionary framework for taxon sampling and interpreting results. While the number of recognized species in the class Mammalia has increased through time, tabulation of those increases has relied on the sporadic release of revisionary compendia like the Mammal Species of the World (MSW) series. Here, we present the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD), a digital, publically accessible, and updateable list of all mammalian species, now available online: https://mammaldiversity.org. The MDD will continue to be updated as manuscripts describing new species and higher taxonomic changes are released. Starting from the baseline of the 3rd edition of MSW (MSW3), we performed a review of taxonomic changes published since 2004 and digitally linked species names to their original descriptions and subsequent revisionary articles in an interactive, hierarchical database. We found 6,495 species of currently recognized mammals (96 recently extinct, 6,399 extant), compared to 5,416 in MSW3 (75 extinct, 5,341 extant)-an increase of 1,079 species in about 13 years, including 11 species newly described as having gone extinct in the last 500 years. We tabulate 1,251 new species recognitions, at least 172 unions, and multiple major, higher-level changes, including an additional 88 genera (1,314 now, compared to 1,226 in MSW3) and 14 newly recognized families (167 compared to 153). Analyses of the description of new species through time and across biogeographic regions show a long-term global rate of similar to 25 species recognized per year, with the Neotropics as the overall most species-dense biogeographic region for mammals, followed closely by the Afrotropics. The MDD provides the mammalogical community with an updateable online database of taxonomic changes, joining digital efforts already established for amphibians (AmphibiaWeb, AMNH's Amphibian Species of the World), birds (e.g., Avibase, IOC World Bird List, HBW Alive), non-avian reptiles (The Reptile Database), and fish (e.g., FishBase, Catalog of Fishes).