Rapid urbanization in China: A real challenge to soil protection and food security
Rapid urbanization in China: A real challenge to soil protection and food security
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DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2006.04.019
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发表时间：
2007-01-16
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Chen, Jie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Jie
要用远低于世界平均水平的人均耕地养活13亿人口，中国已经面临着土地短缺的巨大挑战。在过去的二十年里，随着经济的爆炸式增长，城市化的加速进一步加剧了农业用地的短缺。对土地的日益关注表现在粮食生产的土壤可用性和土壤质量退化方面。基于官方统计数据和前沿卫星影像数据，概述了近20年来中国耕地的动态变化，分析了耕地流失的原因和目的。特别地，展示了城市化相关的土地利用变化及其在全国范围内的空间变异。此外，还阐述了城市化及其伴随的废弃物处理和土壤利用方式的变化对区域土壤质量的影响。初步得出的结论是，中国的耕地正在以相当惊人的速度萎缩。虽然向城市和工业用途的转变在总耕地损失中所占的份额相对较小，但出于几个原因，城市化仍应被视为对未来农业生产的巨大威胁。城市化通过废物处理和城市空气污染产生的酸沉降增加了土壤污染的风险。面对快速的城市化进程，中国正在采取积极的政策应对耕地资源减少的挑战，为实现国家粮食安全的目标做出不懈的努力。(c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
To feed its 1.3 billion Population with a per capita cultivated land far below the world average, China is already facing a great challenge of land scarcity. Accelerated urbanization along with explosive economic growth has further worsened the shortage of agricultural land over the last two decades. Increasing concern over land is expressed in terms of soil availability for grain production and soil quality degradation. Based on official statistics and data derived front satellite imagery, dynamics of China's cultivated land over the past two decades is outlined and the causes and destinations of cultivated land loss are analyzed in this paper. Particularly, urbanization-related land-use changes and their spatial variation across the country are demonstrated. Furthermore, impacts of urbanization and associated waste disposals, consequent shifts of soil utilization on areal soil quality are expatiated. It is initially concluded that China's cultivated land is shrinking at a rather shocking rate. Although conversion to urban and industrial uses took up a comparatively small share of total cultivated land loss, urbanization should still be considered as a great threat to future agricultural production for several reasons. Urbanization is increasing the risk of soil pollution through waste disposal and acid deposition derived from urban air pollution. Facing rapid urbanization, China is making positive policy responses to the challenge of decreasing availability of cultivated land and offering unremitting efforts towards the goal of national food security. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.