Glia: The many ways to modulate synaptic plasticity
Glia: The many ways to modulate synaptic plasticity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.013
复制
发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Pascual, O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Achour, S. Ben;Pascual, O.
突触可塑性包括突触强度的变化，这被认为是学习和记忆的基础。很长一段时间以来，突触可塑性一直是神经元的标志。胶质细胞生理学的最新进展表明，星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞具有参与和调节各种形式的突触可塑性的所有特征。事实上，除了它们各自的支持和免疫功能之外，越来越多的研究表明，星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞表达大多数神经递质的受体，并释放神经活性物质，这些物质已被证明可调节神经元活性和突触可塑性。由于神经胶质细胞遍布于突触周围，并在生理和病理条件下释放多种神经活性分子，因此已报道神经胶质细胞以多种不同方式调节突触可塑性。从突触覆盖的变化，到释放趋化因子和细胞因子，再到专门的“胶质细胞”递质释放，据报道胶质细胞影响突触缩放、稳态可塑性、超可塑性、长时程增强和长时程抑制。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Synaptic plasticity consists in a change in synaptic strength that is believed to be the basis of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity has been for a very long period of time a hallmark of neurons. Recent advances in physiology of glial cells indicate that astrocyte and microglia possess all the features to participate and modulate the various form of synaptic plasticity. Indeed beside their respective supportive and immune functions an increasing number of study demonstrate that astrocytes and microglia express receptors for most neurotransmitters and release neuroactive substances that have been shown to modulate neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. Because glial cells are all around synapses and release a wide variety of neuroactive molecule during physiological and pathological conditions, glial cells have been reported to modulate synaptic plasticity in many different ways. From change in synaptic coverage, to release of chemokines and cytokines up to dedicated "glio" transmitters release, glia were reported to affect synaptic scaling, homeostatic plasticity, metaplasticity, long-term potentiation and long-term depression. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.