Human Brain Functional Network Changes Associated with Enhanced and Impaired Attentional Task Performance
Human Brain Functional Network Changes Associated with Enhanced and Impaired Attentional Task Performance
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4854-12.2013
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发表时间：
2013-04-03
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Bullmore, Edward T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Giessing, Carsten;Thiel, Christiane M.;Bullmore, Edward T.
人类大脑的认知性能与其作为嵌入解剖空间的复杂网络的拓扑和空间组织有何关系？为了解决这个问题，我们使用尼古丁替代和持续时间的注意力要求高的任务性能（时间任务），作为实验因素预期，分别增强和损害认知功能。我们测量了静息状态的功能磁共振成像数据，性能和大脑激活的去/不去的任务，需要持续的注意力，和主观疲劳n = 18健康，短暂的禁欲，吸烟者在安慰剂对照，交叉设计重复扫描。我们测试了药物（安慰剂与尼古丁咀嚼胶）和任务时间对行为表现和脑功能网络指标的主要影响，这些指标是在477个区域节点的二进制图中测量的（效率，综合拓扑的测量;聚类，隔离拓扑的测量;连接节点之间的欧几里得物理距离，布线成本的代理标记）。尼古丁增强注意力任务的性能行为和提高效率，减少集群，并增加大脑网络的连接距离。尼古丁更大的行为益处与更强的药物对综合和分布式网络配置的影响以及更高的吸烟频率相关。更长的任务时间有相反的效果：它损害注意力的准确性，降低效率，增加集群，并减少网络的连接距离。这些结果与假设的预测一致，即卓越的上级认知性能应该得到更高效、集成（高容量）的大脑网络拓扑结构和更大连接距离（高成本）的支持。他们还证明，大脑网络分析可以提供人类促认知药物作用的新的和理论上有原则的药效学生物标志物。
How is the cognitive performance of the human brain related to its topological and spatial organization as a complex network embedded in anatomical space? To address this question, we used nicotine replacement and duration of attentionally demanding task performance (time-on-task), as experimental factors expected, respectively, to enhance and impair cognitive function. We measured resting-state fMRI data, performance and brain activation on a go/no-go task demanding sustained attention, and subjective fatigue in n = 18 healthy, briefly abstinent, cigarette smokers scanned repeatedly in a placebo-controlled, crossover design. We tested the main effects of drug (placebo vs Nicorette gum) and time-on-task on behavioral performance and brain functional network metrics measured in binary graphs of 477 regional nodes (efficiency, measure of integrative topology; clustering, a measure of segregated topology; and the Euclidean physical distance between connected nodes, a proxy marker of wiring cost). Nicotine enhanced attentional task performance behaviorally and increased efficiency, decreased clustering, and increased connection distance of brain networks. Greater behavioral benefits of nicotine were correlated with stronger drug effects on integrative and distributed network configuration and with greater frequency of cigarette smoking. Greater time-on-task had opposite effects: it impaired attentional accuracy, decreased efficiency, increased clustering, and decreased connection distance of networks. These results are consistent with hypothetical predictions that superior cognitive performance should be supported by more efficient, integrated (high capacity) brain network topology at greater connection distance (high cost). They also demonstrate that brain network analysis can provide novel and theoretically principled pharmacodynamic biomarkers of pro-cognitive drug effects in humans.