Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review
Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Friedman, Howard S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kern, Margaret L.;Friedman, Howard S.
目的：根据越来越多的证据表明，更高的责任心水平与更好的健康保护相关，作者对责任心相关特征和长寿之间的关联进行了荟萃分析。设计：采用随机效应分析模型，对20个独立样本进行统计组合。此外，作者使用固定效应分析来考察责任心的特定方面，并研究其潜在的调节这种关系的特征。主要观察指标：根据尽责与死亡风险(全因死亡风险、寿命或生存时间)之间的关系，计算每个个体样本的效应大小作为相关系数r。结果：较高的责任心水平与长寿呈显著正相关(r=0.11，95%可信区间=0.05-0.17)。协会在责任心方面的成就(坚持不懈、勤奋)和秩序(有组织、有纪律)方面最强。结论：研究结果有力地支持了责任心相关特质在一生中对健康的重要性。未来的研究和干预应考虑多年来与健康相关的生物-心理-社会事件如何导致和塑造个体在责任心方面的差异。
Objective: Following up on growing evidence that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with greater health protection, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between conscientiousness-related traits and longevity. Design: Using a random-effects analysis model, the authors statistically combined 20 independent samples. In addition, the authors used fixed-effects, analyses to examine specific facets of conscientiousness and study characteristics its potential moderators of this relationship. Main Outcome Measures: Effect sizes were computed for each individual sample as the correlation coefficient r, based on the relationship between conscientiousness and mortality risk (all-cause mortality risk, longevity, or length of survival). Results: Higher levels of conscientiousness were significantly and positively related to longevity (r = .11, 95% confidence interval = .05-.17). Associations were strongest for the achievement (persistent, industrious) and order (organized, disciplined) facets of conscientiousness. Conclusion: Results strongly support the importance of conscientiousness-related traits to health across the life span. Future research and interventions should consider how individual differences in conscientiousness may cause and be shaped by health-relevant biopsychosocial events across many years.