Assessment of road users' elemental carbon personal exposure levels, London, UK
Assessment of road users' elemental carbon personal exposure levels, London, UK
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00637-4
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kendall, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, HS;Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ;Kendall, M
颗粒元素碳（EC）的个人暴露水平知之甚少，这是柴油机尾气的关键成分，特别是在运输微环境中。利用EC颗粒的光学性质的方法已被应用于个人暴露测量过滤器样品。在英国伦敦进行的一系列实地研究中，在1999 - 2000年期间，对沿着三条主要固定路线的自行车、公共汽车、汽车和地铁交通微环境中的400多个细颗粒（PM2.5）个人暴露水平进行了测量。颗粒EC贡献的PM2.5个人暴露间接评估通过光学技术和开发和使用的尺寸分数特定和特定网站的校准曲线。在这第一次欧盟委员会对交通使用者的个人暴露研究中，夏季实地调查中骑自行车者的几何平均暴露水平为11.2 mug m（-3）（GSD = 2.7），公共汽车乘客为13.6 mug m（-3）（GSD = 1.9），公共汽车乘客为21.6 mug m（-3）（GSD = 2。1)对于汽车驾驶员;冬季的相应暴露水平分别为16.4 mug m（-3）（GSD = 1.8）、18.6 mug m（-3）（GSD = 2.3）和27.3 mug m（-3）（GSD = 2.0）。EC/PM2.5的比例约为0.5 - 0.6自行车和公共汽车模式和0.7 - 0.8的汽车模式。不同路线的EC/PM2.5比率由1号路线的约0.7至3号路线的0.4不等。骑自行车的人接触EC最低，汽车乘员接触最高。一个大的差异，在暴露水平之间的中心高交通密度路线和其他较不中心的路线进行了观察。颗粒EC是一个非常显着的比例，总PM2.5的个人暴露和EC个人暴露水平大大高于报告的固定站点监测EC浓度。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
Little is known about particulate elemental carbon (EC) personal exposure levels, a key component of diesel exhaust, specifically in transport microenvironments. A method utilizing the optical properties of EC particles has been applied to personal exposure measurement filter samples. In a series of field studies carried out in London, UK, during 19992000 over 400 fine particle (PM2.5) personal exposure level measurements were taken for journeys in bicycle, bus, car and underground rail transport microenvironments, along three main fixed routes. The particulate EC contribution to the PM2.5 personal exposure was assessed indirectly by means of an optical technique and with the development and use of a size fraction specific and site-specific calibration curve. In this first EC personal exposure study of transport users geometric mean exposure levels in the summer field campaign were 11.2 mug m(-3) (GSD=2.7) for cyclists, 13.6 mug m(-3) (GSD = 1.9) for bus passengers and 21.6 mug m(-3) (GSD = 2. 1) for car drivers; corresponding exposure levels in the winter ;were 16.4 mug m(-3) (GSD= 1.8), 18.6 mug m(-3) (GSD=2.3) and 27.3 mug m(-3) (GSD=2.0), respectively. EC/PM2.5 ratios were approximately 0.5-0.6 for bicycle and bus modes and 0.7-0.8 for the car mode. EC/PM2.5 ratios for different routes ranged from approximately 0.7 for Route 1 to 0.4 for Route 3. Cyclists had the lowest exposure to EC, and car occupants the highest exposure. A large difference in exposure levels between a central high traffic density route and the other less central routes was observed. Particulate EC was a very significant proportion of the total PM2.5 personal exposure and EC personal exposure levels were considerably higher than reported fixed site monitor EC concentrations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.