Are chemokines the third major system in the brain?
Are chemokines the third major system in the brain?
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DOI：
10.1189/jlb.0405222
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Rogers, TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adler, MW;Rogers, TJ
趋化因子是一组参与细胞迁移和细胞间通讯的小蛋白。虽然趋化因子及其受体遍布整个大脑，但它们的分布并不均匀。在胶质细胞和神经元中不成比例排列的趋化因子及其受体包括单核细胞趋化蛋白-1/CC趋化因子配体2 （CCL2）、基质细胞衍生因子-1/CXC趋化因子配体12 （CXCL12）、fractalkine/CX3C趋化因子配体1、干扰素- γ诱导蛋白-10/CXCL10、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1 α /CCL3，以及受激活、正常T细胞表达和分泌/CCL5调控的趋化因子。在大脑中，它们存在于下丘脑、伏隔核、边缘系统、海马体、丘脑、皮层和小脑。这种不均匀分布表明，趋化因子“系统”可能具有功能作用，该系统由趋化因子配体及其受体组成。除了解剖学、免疫组织化学和体外研究建立了趋化因子配体和受体的表达，越来越多的研究表明，趋化因子系统在大脑发育和功能中起着至关重要的作用。我们的数据表明，趋化因子系统可以改变神经活性药物的作用，包括阿片类药物和大麻素。结合脑内趋化因子系统与神经递质系统相互作用的证据，我们提出以下假设：脑内内源性趋化因子系统与神经递质和神经肽系统协同作用，控制脑功能。因此，趋化因子系统可以被认为是大脑中第三个主要的传递系统。
Chemokines are a family of small proteins involved in cellular migration and intercellular communication. Although the chemokines and their receptors are located throughout the brain, they are not distributed uniformly. Among the chemokines and their receptors that are arrayed disproportionately in glia and neurons are monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1, interferon-gamma-inducible-protein-10/CXCL10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha/CCL3, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted/CCL5. In the brain, they are found in the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, limbic system, hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, and cerebellum. The uneven distribution suggests that there may be functional roles for the chemokine "system," comprised of chemokine ligands and their receptors. In addition to anatomical, immunohistochemical, and in vitro studies establishing the expression of the chemokine ligands and receptors, there is an increasing body of research that suggests that the chemokine system plays a crucial role in brain development and function. Our data indicate that the chemokine system can alter the actions of neuronally active pharmacological agents including the opioids and cannabinoids. Combined with evidence that the chemokine system in the brain interacts with neurotransmitter systems, we propose the following hypothesis: The endogenous chemokine system in the brain acts in concert with the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems to govern brain function. The chemokine system can thus be thought of as the third major transmitter system in the brain.