Anger expression and incident hypertension
Anger expression and incident hypertension
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-199811000-00014
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Salonen, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Everson, SA;Goldberg, DE;Salonen, JT
目的：长期以来，愤怒被认为在原发性高血压的发展中起重要作用。然而，对这一假设的检验得出了相互矛盾的结果。本研究以中年男性为样本，前瞻性地探讨愤怒表达方式与高血压发病率之间的关系。研究方法：参与者是来自芬兰东部的537名最初血压正常的男性，他们在基线和4年随访时完成了医学检查和一系列心理问卷调查。愤怒的表达通过Spielberger的愤怒-出和愤怒-入量表进行评估。结果：随访时，104名男性（19.4%）患有高血压（收缩压大于或等于165 mm Hg和/或舒张压95 mm Hg）。年龄调整的逻辑回归分析显示，在4年的随访中，愤怒每增加1分，高血压风险增加12（p < .002），这相当于愤怒量表得分在最高三分之一的男性患高血压的风险比得分在最低三分之一的男性高两倍。（比值比= 2.00，95%置信区间1.20-3.38）。愤怒量表每增加1分，高血压风险增加12%（p <0.01）。调整体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、父母高血压阳性史和基线静息舒张压对结果影响不大。结论：这些数据提供了强有力的流行病学证据，愤怒的表达方式和随后的高血压之间的正相关关系，独立于已知的危险因素。研究结果支持这一假设，即极端表达愤怒的任何一个方向有不利的心血管后果。
Objective: It has long been thought that anger is important in the development of essential hypertension. However, tests of this hypothesis have yielded conflicting findings. This study prospectively examined the relationship between anger expression style and incident hypertension in a population sample of middle-aged men. Methods: Participants were 537 initially normotensive men from eastern Finland, who completed a medical examination and series of psychological questionnaires at baseline and at 4-year follow-up. Anger expression was assessed by Spielberger's Anger-out and Anger-in scales. Results: At follow-up, 104 men (19.4%) were hypertensive (blood pressure greater than or equal to 165 mm Hg systolic and/or 95 mm Hg diastolic). Age adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that each 1-point increase in Anger-out was associated with a 12% increase in risk of hypertension after 4 years of follow-up (p < .002), which corresponded to a two-fold increased risk of hypertension among men with scores in the top tertile of the Anger-out scale, relative to those with scores in the bottom tertile (odds ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.20-3.38). Each 1-point increase on the Anger-in scale also was related to a 12% increased risk of hypertension (p < .01). Adjustments for body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, a positive parental history of hypertension, and baseline resting diastolic blood pressure had Little impact on the findings. Conclusions: These data provide strong epidemiological evidence for a positive relationship between anger expression style and subsequent hypertension, independent of known risk factors. Findings support the hypothesis that extreme expression of anger in either direction has adverse cardiovascular consequences.