Natural Biological Control of Lepidopteran Pests by Ants
Natural Biological Control of Lepidopteran Pests by Ants
复制标题
蚂蚁对鳞翅目害虫的自然生物防治
作者：
M. Picanço
掠食性蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）是农业生态系统中的群居昆虫和重要的害虫天敌。尽管这些捕食者很重要，但人们对它们的作用知之甚少，尤其是在热带地区。蔬菜鳞翅目害虫中，主要有灰翅蛾（刺蛾科）、小刺蛾（刺蛾科）、秀丽新刺蛾（刺蛾科）和绝对刺蛾（刺蛾科）。因此，本研究旨在研究蚂蚁对褐夜蛾、夜蛾、秀丽夜蛾和绝对夜蛾的自然生物防治。为此，本研究评价了枯水期单孢单胞菌对羽衣甘蓝和黄瓜的自然生物防治效果。在雨季和旱季对番茄植株的自然生物防治效果进行了评价。蚂蚁在蛹场捕食鳞翅目。它们还捕食夜蛾的卵。捕食性蚂蚁主要在夜间活动。这些蚂蚁是造成褐夜蛾、夜蛾和绝对夜蛾蛹死亡的主要原因。除蚂蚁外，生理干扰和鸟类也是造成褐飞蛾蛹死亡的重要因素。观察到蓝唇蚁和扶桑蚁对蛹的捕食，而拟蚁对夜蛾卵的捕食。蚂蚁对夜蛾和绝对夜蛾的蛹死亡率高于对夜蛾和夜蛾的蛹死亡率。在雨季和旱季，蚂蚁对小蠹蛹的捕食率基本一致，而对小蠹蛹的捕食率也基本一致。
The predatory ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidade) are social insects and important natural enemies of pests in agroecosystems. Despite the importance of these predators, little is known about their role, especially in tropical regions. Among the major Lepidopteran pests of vegetables are Ascia monuste (Pieridae), Diaphania nitidalis (Crambidae), Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Crambidae) and Tuta absoluta (Gelechiidae). Thus, this work aimed to study the natural biological control of A. monuste, D. nitidalis, N. elegantalis and T. absoluta by ants. For this, we evaluated the natural biological control of A. monuste on kale and D. nitidalis on cucumber both species in the dry season. Whilst the natural biological control of N. elegantalis and T. absoluta on tomato plants were evaluated in the rainy and dry seasons. Ants preyed on Lepidoptera in the pupa stadium. They also preyed on eggs of D. nitidalis. The activity of predatory ants occurred mainly during the night. The ants were the main causes of pupae mortality of A. monuste, D. nitidalis and T. absoluta. Beyond the ants, the physiological disturbances and birds were also important factors of pupae mortality of N. elegantalis. The ants Labidus coecus and Solenopsis sp. were observed preying on pupae whereas the Paratrechina sp. was observed preying eggs of D. nitidalis. The pupae mortality of D. nitidalis and T. absoluta by ants were higher than the pupae mortality of N. elegantalis and A. monuste. The rate of pupae predation of N. elegantalis by ants was similar in rainy and dry seasons and the same occurred with T. absoluta.