MicroRNAs in cancer.
MicroRNAs in cancer.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dutta A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee YS;Dutta A
在过去的几年里，关于microRNA（miRNA）和癌症的研究已经出现。miRNome（总体miRNA表达水平）的分析已经变得普遍，并且目前可从各种癌症获得丰富的miRNome数据。miRNA的表达模式可以与癌症类型、分期和其他临床变量相关，因此miRNA谱可以用作癌症诊断和预后的工具。miRNA表达分析也提示了miRNA的致癌（或肿瘤抑制）作用。miRNA在肿瘤生物学的几乎所有方面发挥作用，例如增殖、凋亡、侵袭/转移和血管生成。鉴于许多miRNA在癌症中被解除调控，但尚未被进一步研究，预计更多的miRNA将成为癌症病因学和进展中的参与者。miRNAs也将作为癌症治疗的工具进行讨论。在过去的十年中，生物学上的一个重大发现是发现了小RNA，包括miRNA（microRNA）和siRNA（小干扰RNA），如2002年12月的《科学》杂志所强调的。自线虫中发现RNA干扰（RNAi）现象以来，siRNA为哺乳动物系统的短期遗传学研究提供了技术突破。2006年，两位发现RNAi的科学家获得了诺贝尔奖，以此来庆祝小RNA的巨大影响。另一方面，miRNA为基因表达的转录后调节提供了新的见解。miRNAs也首先在蠕虫中发现，后来在许多动物，植物和病毒中发现。在过去的几年中，miRNA领域一直在扩大，最近的许多出版物涉及miRNA在不同的细胞过程。在美国，癌症是主要的死亡原因（“Cancer Facts & Figures 2007”，来自American Cancer Society; http：//www.cancer.org/docroot/stt/stt_0.asp）。癌症是一种复杂的遗传疾病，由突变的积累引起，导致基因表达失调和细胞增殖失控。鉴于miRNA对基因表达的广泛影响，许多miRNA与癌症有关并不奇怪。在这篇综述中，miRNA与癌症之间的联系将得到全面的描述和讨论。
During the last few years, studies on microRNA (miRNA) and cancer have burst onto the scene. Profiling of the miRNome (global miRNA expression levels) has become prevalent and abundant miRNome data are currently available from various cancers. The pattern of miRNA expression can be correlated with cancer type, stage, and other clinical variables, so that miRNA profiling can be used as a tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. miRNA expression analyses also suggested oncogenic (or tumor suppressive) roles of miRNAs. miRNAs play roles in almost all aspects of cancer biology such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/metastasis, and angiogenesis. Given that many miRNAs are deregulated in cancers but have not yet been further studied, it is expected that more miRNAs will emerge as players in the etiology and progression of cancer. miRNAs will be also discussed as a tool for cancer therapy. During the last decade, a major discovery in biology was the discovery of small RNAs, including miRNA (microRNA) and siRNA (small interfering RNA), as highlighted by the 2002 December issue of Science magazine. Since RNA interference (RNAi) phenomenon was discovered in nematodes, siRNA has provided a technical breakthrough for short term genetics in mammalian systems. The big impact of small RNAs was well celebrated by the 2006 Nobel prize awarded to the two scientists who discovered RNAi. On the other side, miRNAs shed new insight on the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs were also first discovered in worms, and later in a number of animals, plants, and viruses. During the last couple of years, the miRNA field has been expanding with many recent publications implicating miRNAs in diverse cellular processes. Cancer is a major cause of death in the United States (“Cancer Facts & Figures 2007” from American Cancer Society; http://www.cancer.org/docroot/stt/stt_0.asp). Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by the accumulation of mutations that lead to deregulation of gene expression and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Given the wide impact of miRNAs on gene expression, it is not surprising that a number of miRNAs have been implicated in cancer. In this review, the links between miRNA and cancer will be comprehensively described and discussed.