Genetic and linguistic differentiation in the Americas.
Genetic and linguistic differentiation in the Americas.
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美洲的遗传和语言分化。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.22.10663
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pääbo,S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ward,RH;Redd,A;Valencia,D;Frazier,B;Pääbo,S
对太平洋西北三个部落的语言分化和进化亲和力之间的关系进行了评估。两个部落(Nuu-Chah-nulth和Bella Coola)说美语，而第三个部落(Haida)的语言属于不同的语系--纳-德内语。分子系统学的构建没有提供按语言联系进行聚集的证据，这表明这些在语言上存在分歧的群体是相对较近的祖先。当用线粒体序列多样性来评估两个部落的进化亲缘关系时，讲纳德内语的海达人的多样性比两个美国人部落的多样性要少，因此似乎是一个生物上更年轻的群体。此外，由于两个美洲语系部落之间的序列多样性可与美国语族和纳-德内海达人之间的多样性相媲美，因此，美国语族内部的进化差异可能与美国语族和纳-德内语族之间的进化差异一样大。因此，在新世界，语言分化的速度似乎明显快于生物分化的速度，语言等级和进化关系模式之间几乎没有一致性。
The relationship between linguistic differentiation and evolutionary affinities was evaluated in three tribes of the Pacific Northwest. Two tribes (Nuu-Chah-Nulth and Bella Coola) speak Amerind languages, while the language of the third (Haida) belongs to a different linguistic phylum--Na-Dene. Construction of a molecular phylogeny gave no evidence of clustering by linguistic affiliation, suggesting a relatively recent ancestry of these linguistically divergent populations. When the evolutionary affinities of the tribes were evaluated in terms of mitochondrial sequence diversity, the Na-Dene-speaking Haida had a reduced amount of diversity compared to the two Amerind tribes and thus appear to be a biologically younger population. Further, since the sequence diversity between the two Amerind-speaking tribes is comparable to the diversity between the Amerind tribes and the Na-Dene Haida, the evolutionary divergence within the Amerind linguistic phylum may be as great as the evolutionary divergence between the Amerind and Na-Dene phyla. Hence, in the New World, rates of linguistic differentiation appear to be markedly faster than rates of biological differentiation, with little congruence between linguistic hierarchy and the pattern of evolutionary relationships.