Lineage and locality as antithetical principles in east african systems of land tenure
Lineage and locality as antithetical principles in east african systems of land tenure
复制标题
东非土地保有制度中血统和地方作为对立原则
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Shipton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Shipton
世纪以来，人类学家和其他社会科学家一直在对政治单位构成的农业社会和农业社会进行广泛的区分。根据亲属关系或血统而建立的艾德关系，以及根据居住在某一特定地点而建立的关系。缅因州（1861：172）对作为社会组织原则的“身份”和“契约”的区分，可以解释为大致相同的意思;摩尔根（1877：6 ff.，61)societas和civitas的区别确切的观点甚至可以更早地归功于卡尔·马克思，他以古典历史学家的身份在18578年评论说，“古代国家的部落是以两种方式之一构成的，或者是由亲属关系构成的，或者是由地方性构成的”（1964：76- 77）。类似的划分有时也出现在非西方农业土地保有制度的类型学中。米克（Meek，1945：26）在对20世纪40年代英国殖民地农村地区土地权利的一般调查中写道：
For more than a century anthropologists and other social scientists have drawn a broad distinction between agrarian societies in which political units are constitut? ed on the basis of kinship or descent, and those in which they are constituted on the basis of residence in a particular locality. Maine's (1861:172) distinction between "status" and "contract" as principles of social organization can be interpreted to mean much the same thing; so, too, can Morgan's (1877: 6ff., 61) distinction between societas and civitas. The exact idea could be attributed even earlier to Karl Marx, who, in his capacity as classical historian, remarked in 18578 that "the tribes of the ancient states were constituted in one of two ways, either by kinship or by locality" (1964:76-7). Similar divisions appear sometimes in typologies of non-western systems of agrarian land tenure. In a general survey of land rights in the rurul areas of the British colonies in the 1940s, Meek (1945:26) wrote: