Plastics and the Environment
Plastics and the Environment
复制标题
塑料与环境
DOI：
10.1039/9781788013314-00131
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Galloway T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galloway T
塑料是一种有用的多功能材料，可以带来许多社会效益，但人们对添加剂物质（包括被归类为对人类健康有影响的化学品）从包装中迁移并进入人体的可能性表示担忧。对全球人口的人体生物监测发现，大多数人在某些情况下都接触到一系列塑料添加剂。虽然所涉及的浓度通常在每日可耐受接触限值的监管准则范围内，但仍存在慢性、低剂量和混合效应的可能性。在本章中，确定了常用的塑料添加剂，并讨论了影响其从塑料中迁移的一些因素。使用内分泌干扰化学品双酚A（BPA）作为案例研究，接触的途径和潜在的干预措施，以减少接触进行了讨论。以雌激素相关受体α（ESRRA）为例说明毒性机制，包括基因表达变化或表观遗传变化介导的效应的可能性。
Plastics are useful and versatile materials that bring many societal benefits, but concern has been raised about the potential of additive substances, including chemicals classified to be of concern to human health, to migrate from packaging and enter the human body. Human biomonitoring of global populations has identified exposure to a range of plastic additives, detectable in some cases in the majority of people. Whilst the concentrations involved are frequently within regulatory guidelines for tolerable daily exposure limits, the potential nonetheless exists for chronic, low dose and mixture effects. In this chapter, plastics additives in common use are identified and some of the factors that influence their migration out of plastics are discussed. Using the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) as a case study, the routes of exposure and potential for interventions to reduce exposure are discussed. Mechanisms of toxicity, including the possibility for effects mediated by changes in gene expression or epigenetic changes are illustrated using the estrogen related receptor α (ESRRA) as an example.