The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes
The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes
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DOI：
10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00134-8
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发表时间：
2003-07-08
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Swann, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Drummer, OH;Gerostamoulos, J;Swann, P
在澳大利亚的三个州确定了致命受伤司机的酒精和药物发生率； 1990-1999 年期间维多利亚州 (VIC)、新南威尔士州 (NSW) 和西澳大利亚州 (WA)。共调查了 3398 名司机死亡事件，其中包括 2609 名汽车司机、650 名摩托车司机和 139 名卡车司机。 29.1% 的驾驶员体内酒精含量达到或超过 0.05 克/100 毫升 (%)。患病率最高的是汽车司机（30.3%），最低的是卡车司机（8.6%）。西澳州的饮酒率是这三个州中最高的（35.8%）。近 10% 的案件涉及酒精和毒品。 26.7% 的病例中存在药物（酒精除外），23.5% 的病例中存在精神药物。这些药物包括大麻（13.5%）、阿片类药物（4.9%）、兴奋剂（4.1%）、苯二氮卓类药物（4.1%）和其他精神药物（2.7%）。 8.5% 的所有司机检测呈 Delta(9)-四氢大麻酚 (THC) 阳性，其余大麻阳性司机仅对 11-正-Delta(9)-四氢大麻酚-9-羧酸（羧基-THC）代谢物呈阳性。驾驶员的 THC 血液浓度范围为 0.1-228 ng/ml，中位数为 9 ng/ml。阿片类药物主要包括吗啡（n = 84）、可待因（n = 89）和美沙酮（n = 33），而兴奋剂主要包括甲基苯丙胺（n = 51）、摇头丸（n = 6）、可卡因（n = 5）和麻黄碱（n = 61）。十年来，毒品流行率有所上升，特别是大麻和阿片类药物，而酒精则有所下降。摩托车手中吸食大麻的比例更高（22.2%），而卡车司机中吸食兴奋剂的比例则要高得多（23%）。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The incidence of alcohol and drugs in fatally injured drivers were determined in three Australian states; Victoria (VIC), New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA) for the period of 1990-1999. A total of 3398 driver fatalities were investigated which included 2609 car drivers, 650 motorcyclists and 139 truck drivers. Alcohol at or over 0.05 g/100 ml (%) was present in 29.1% of all drivers. The highest prevalence was in car drivers (30.3%) and the lowest in truckers (8.6%). WA had the highest rate of alcohol presence of the three states (35.8%). Almost 10% of the cases involved both alcohol and drugs. Drugs (other than alcohol) were present in 26.7% of cases and psychotropic drugs in 23.5%. These drugs comprised cannabis (13.5%), opioids (4.9%), stimulants (4.1%), benzodiazepines (4.1%) and other psychotropic drugs (2.7%). 8.5% of all drivers tested positive for Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the balance of cannabis positive drivers were positive to only the 11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (carboxy-THC) metabolite. The range of THC blood concentrations in drivers was 0.1-228 ng/ml, with a median of 9 ng/ml. Opioids consisted mainly of morphine (n = 84), codeine (n = 89) and methadone (n = 33), while stimulants consisted mainly of methamphetamine (n = 51), MDMA (n = 6), cocaine (n = 5), and the ephedrines (n = 61). The prevalence of drugs increased over the decade, particularly cannabis and opioids, while alcohol decreased. Cannabis had a larger prevalence in motorcyclists (22.2%), whereas stimulants had a much larger presence in truckers (23%). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.