Anaphoric reference in clinical reports: Characteristics of an annotated corpus
Anaphoric reference in clinical reports: Characteristics of an annotated corpus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbi.2012.01.010
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Crowley, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, Wendy W.;Savova, Guergana K.;Crowley, Rebecca
动机：在叙述中已经提到的真实世界实体的表达通常被认为是回指。例如，在“The Pain来来去去”这句话中，短语“the Pain”可能指的是之前提到的痛苦。对意义的解释包括解析回指：确定语篇中哪个表达是所指表达的正确先行词，也称为回指。我们标注了来自两个机构的180份临床报告(外科病理学、放射学、出院摘要和急诊科)，以指示所有的回指-先行词对。目的：本研究的目的是从回指关系的频率、回指关系对成员的句法和语义性质以及所发生的回指关系的类型来描述语料库的特征。结果：我们发现回指在所有类型的临床报告中都是普遍存在的，名词短语、语义类型和章节标题的注释对于回指的自动解析可能特别重要，不同的报告类型、不同的机构和不同类型的回指可能需要单独的指代解析模块。准确的解析可能需要广泛的领域知识，特别是对于部分/整体和集合/子集关系更多的病理学和放射学报告。结论：我们希望研究人员利用该语料库中的标注来开发自动化算法，并添加标注以生成更广泛的语料库。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Motivation: Expressions that refer to a real-world entity already mentioned in a narrative are often considered anaphoric. For example, in the sentence "The pain comes and goes," the expression "the pain" is probably referring to a previous mention of pain. Interpretation of meaning involves resolving the anaphoric reference: deciding which expression in the text is the correct antecedent of the referring expression, also called an anaphor. We annotated a set of 180 clinical reports (surgical pathology, radiology, discharge summaries, and emergency department) from two institutions to indicate all anaphor-antecedent pairs.Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of the corpus in terms of the frequency of anaphoric relations, the syntactic and semantic nature of the members of the pairs, and the types of anaphoric relations that occur. Understanding how anaphoric reference is exhibited in clinical reports is critical to developing reference resolution algorithms and to identifying peculiarities of clinical text that may alter the features and methodologies that will be successful for automated anaphora resolution.Results: We found that anaphoric reference is prevalent in all types of clinical reports, that annotations of noun phrases, semantic type, and section headings may be especially important for automated resolution of anaphoric reference, and that separate modules for reference resolution may be required for different report types, different institutions, and different types of anaphors. Accurate resolution will probably require extensive domain knowledge especially for pathology and radiology reports with more part/whole and set/subset relations.Conclusion: We hope researchers will leverage the annotations in this corpus to develop automated algorithms and will add to the annotations to generate a more extensive corpus. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.