Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Yeast: Old Questions and New Approaches.

Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Yeast: Old Questions and New Approaches.
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DOI:
10.3390/biom14010113
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发表时间:
2024-01-16
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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端粒替代延长(ALT)是一种基于同源重组的途径,10-15%的癌细胞利用这种途径,使细胞在没有端粒酶的情况下维持其端粒。这种途径最初是在酿酒酵母中发现的,几十年来,酵母一直是研究ALT的可靠模型。使用酵母作为模型,已经描述了两种类型的ALT(依赖于RAD 51和不依赖于RAD 51)。在酵母中的研究提供了ALT幸存者的表型特征,所涉及的蛋白质的描述,并暗示断裂诱导复制(BIR)作为负责ALT的机制。然而,许多问题仍然存在,回答这些问题需要发展新的定量方法。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了酵母中ALT研究的历史方面以及研究ALT的新方法,包括超长测序,计算建模和群体遗传学的使用。我们将讨论如何采用新的方法有助于我们目前的ALT机制的理解,以及它们如何在未来扩展我们对ALT的理解。
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a homologous recombination-based pathway utilized by 10–15% of cancer cells that allows cells to maintain their telomeres in the absence of telomerase. This pathway was originally discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and, for decades, yeast has served as a robust model to study ALT. Using yeast as a model, two types of ALT (RAD51-dependent and RAD51-independent) have been described. Studies in yeast have provided the phenotypic characterization of ALT survivors, descriptions of the proteins involved, and implicated break-induced replication (BIR) as the mechanism responsible for ALT. Nevertheless, many questions have remained, and answering them has required the development of new quantitative methods. In this review we discuss the historic aspects of the ALT investigation in yeast as well as new approaches to investigating ALT, including ultra-long sequencing, computational modeling, and the use of population genetics. We discuss how employing new methods contributes to our current understanding of the ALT mechanism and how they may expand our understanding of ALT in the future.
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