Engineering of Chemical Complexity II
Engineering of Chemical Complexity II
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化学复杂性工程II
DOI：
10.1142/9789814616133_0013
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Biktashev V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Biktashev V
“控制论”这一新科学创建史上的一个著名事件是诺伯特·维纳 (Norbert Wiener) 对墨西哥阿图罗·罗森布鲁斯 (Arturo Rosenblueth) 的访问，他们发表了联合论文 1，描述了激励脉冲通过二维 (2D) 连续体（例如心肌）传播的第一个数学模型。该理论的一个重要论断是脉冲可能绕过不可兴奋的障碍物循环，这对于理解某些心律失常具有重要意义。 Balakhovskii2意识到波的循环实际上不需要障碍物，并且激发波可以“围绕自身”循环，即围绕其自身的难熔尾转动。随后，这种传播方式被称为“混响器”、“转子”、“自动波涡流”以及主要的“螺旋波”（见图 1A）。在当时的心脏电生理学状态下，这个概念仍然是一个纯粹的理论抽象，直到 Belousov3 发现的周期性化学反应被曝光，并由 Zhabotinsky4, 5（Belousov-Zhabotinsky 反应，或简称 BZ）进一步发展和研究，才得以实现。该反应是自发振荡的，但是在非搅拌反应器中，反应氧化阶段的前沿像心肌中的电脉冲一样传播，并且观察到由这种传播产生的螺旋波。 6 与心脏兴奋性的类比更加明显
One of notable events in the history of creation of the new science of “cybernetics” was Norbert Wiener’s visit to Arturo Rosenblueth in Mexico, which resulted in their joint paper, 1 describing the first mathematical model of propagation of excitation pulses through a two-dimensional (2D) continuum, such as heart muscle. An important assertion of that theory was the possibility of the pulses to circulate around inexcitable obstacles, with important implications for understanding certain cardiac arrhythmias. Balakhovskii2 realized that circulation of waves does not in fact require an obstacle, and the excitation wave may circulate “around itself”, ie, turning around its own refractory tail. Subsequently, such regimes of propagation became known as “reverberators”,“rotors”,“autowave vortices” and, mostly,“spiral waves”(see Fig. 1A). With the state of cardiac electrophysiology at the time, this concept remained a purely theoretical abstraction until the periodical chemical reaction discovered by Belousov3 came to light and was further developed and investigated by Zhabotinsky4, 5 (Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or just BZ) to fruition. The reaction was spontaneously oscillating, however in a non-stirred reactor, the fronts of the reaction oxidation stage were propagating similarly to electric pulses in cardiac muscle, and the spiral waves made by such propagation were observed. 6 The analogy with cardiac excitability was made even more