SOURCES OF VARIATION IN POST-CHERNOBYL RADIOCESIUM IN FISH FROM 2 CUMBRIAN LAKES (NORTH-WEST ENGLAND)
SOURCES OF VARIATION IN POST-CHERNOBYL RADIOCESIUM IN FISH FROM 2 CUMBRIAN LAKES (NORTH-WEST ENGLAND)
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DOI：
10.2307/2404354
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
LEONARD, DRP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ELLIOTT, JM;HILTON, J;LEONARD, DRP
1. 目的是评估来自Devoke Water的褐鳟鱼（萨尔莫trutta）和鲈鱼（Perca fluviatilis）（1986年4月，1986年9月至1988年10月的样品）以及来自Loweswater的鳟鱼，鲈鱼和狗鱼（Esox lucius）（1986年5月，1986年8月至1988年3月的样品）中Cs-137的变异来源。 鳟鱼中Cs-137的总体几何平均值（540 Bq kg-1）和鲈鱼（1192 Bq kg-1），Devoke水显著高于Loweswater（鳟鱼404，鲈鱼989 Bq kg-1）;在这两个湖泊中，鲈鱼的平均值显著高于鳟鱼的平均值，而洛斯沃特的梭子鱼平均值（568 Bq kg-1）介于鳟鱼和鲈鱼之间。 两个湖泊的鳟鱼、Devoke水域的鲈鱼和Loweswater水域的梭子鱼的137 Cs-含量均随鱼重的增加而增加; Devoke水域的鲈鱼的137 Cs-含量普遍高于鳟鱼; Cs-137与鱼重之间的幂函数关系使得使用未校正平均值进行时间比较无效. Devoke水体中鳟鱼和鲈鱼的胃内容物显示了不同的饮食;根据长度-重量关系，鱼的状况良好，没有迹象表明饮食差异对个体鱼的Cs-137含量有任何显着影响. 当Cs-137值按比例缩放到鳟鱼的标准重量，以消除显着的影响，鱼的大小，每月的几何平均值Cs-137增加，从1986年4月/5月到1986年10月在Devoke水和1987年2月在Loweswater的最大值，然后以缓慢的速度在Devoke水和快速的速度在Loweswater指数下降，最后略有增加，只有在Loweswater。 鲈鱼和梭子鱼的几何平均值遵循与鳟鱼相似的模式，除了两个湖泊的鲈鱼在1987年2月/3月和Loweswater的梭子鱼在1987年6月出现最大值。 铯-137几何平均值的指数下降率被用来估计铯-137在鱼体内的生态半衰期，这些在湖泊之间以及在Devoke水域但不是Loweswater的物种之间存在显著差异（Devoke水鳟鱼825天，鲈鱼2390天; Loweswater鳟鱼103天，鲈鱼94天，梭子鱼112天）。 物种之间的差异可能是由于不同的代谢率（胃排空率作为一个例子进行比较）和湖泊之间的差异，由于其湖沼学和集水区的性质的变化。
1. The objective was to evaluate sources of variation in Cs-137 in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) from Devoke Water (samples from April 1986, September 1986-October 1988), and trout, perch and pike (Esox lucius) from Loweswater (samples from May 1986, August 1986-March 1988).2. Overall geometric means for Cs-137 in trout (540 Bq kg-1) and perch (1192 Bq kg-1) in Devoke Water were significantly higher than those in Loweswater (trout 404, perch 989 Bq kg-1); means for perch were significantly higher than means for trout in both lakes, and the mean for pike (568 Bq kg-1) in Loweswater lay between the values for trout and perch.3. Cs-137 content increased with fish weight for trout from both lakes, perch from Devoke Water but not perch or pike from Loweswater; Cs-137 values for perch were generally higher than those for trout in Devoke Water; the power-function relationship between Cs-137 and fish weight invalidates the use of uncorrected means for temporal comparisons.4. The stomach contents of trout and perch from Devoke Water indicated a diverse diet; fish were in good condition according to the length-weight relationship and there was no indication that diet differences had any significant effect on the Cs-137 content of individual fish.5. When Cs-137 values were scaled to a standard weight of trout to remove the marked effect of fish size, monthly geometric means for Cs-137 increased from April/May 1986 to a maximum in October 1986 in Devoke Water and February 1987 in Loweswater, then decreased exponentially at a slow rate in Devoke Water and a fast rate in Loweswater, and finally increased slightly in Loweswater only. Geometric means for perch and pike followed a pattern similar to that for trout, except that maxima occurred in February/March 1987 for perch in both lakes and in June 1987 for pike in Loweswater.6. Exponential rates of decrease for geometric mean values of Cs-137 were used to estimate ecological half-lives of Cs-137 in the fish, and these were significantly different between lakes and also between species in Devoke Water but not Loweswater (Devoke Water trout 825 days, perch 2390 days; Loweswater trout 103 days, perch 94 days, pike 112 days). Differences between species may be due to different metabolic rates (gastric evacuation rates are compared as an example) and differences between lakes due to variations in their limnology and the nature of their catchments.