Revisiting Margaret Thatcher's law and order agenda: The slow-burning fuse of punitiveness
Revisiting Margaret Thatcher's law and order agenda: The slow-burning fuse of punitiveness
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重温玛格丽特·撒切尔的法律和秩序议程：惩罚性缓慢燃烧的导火索
DOI：
10.1057/bp.2015.36
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Farrall S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farrall S
近年来，犯罪学家越来越关注“惩罚性”在多大程度上成为许多刑事司法系统的核心特征。在衡量惩罚性时，这些研究通常依赖于从衡量个人对惩罚性判决支持程度的调查中得出的态度数据，或者依赖于监狱人口的规模。我们采取不同的方法，探讨1982年至1998年在英格兰和威尔士通过的各种议会法案的目标，内容和结果。我们的论点是，虽然可以察觉到一种惩罚性的趋势，但在英格兰和威尔士的情况下，这可归因于20世纪80年代新右翼的更广泛的话语。这反过来又促进了一种新的概念，即如何最好地解决不断上升的犯罪问题。我们表明，虽然1993年脱颖而出，作为一个关键点，在英格兰和威尔士的惩罚性的增长轨迹，在刑事司法系统中的“韧性”的想法和言论可以追溯到远比这。我们的文章将这些问题引起政治科学家的注意，并展示了历史制度主义思维如何在政治学和犯罪学之间的界面指导和告知跨学科工作。
In recent years, criminologists have devoted growing attention to the extent to which ‘punitiveness’ is emerging as a central feature of many criminal justice systems. In gauging punitiveness, these studies typically rely either on attitudinal data derived from surveys that measure individual support for punitive sentences or on the size of the prison population. We take a different approach, exploring the aims, content and outcomes of various Acts of Parliament passed between 1982 and 1998 in England and Wales. Our argument is that while a trend towards punitiveness is detectable, this was, in the case of England and Wales, attributable to wider discourses stemming from the New Right of the 1980s. This in turn promoted a new conception of how best to tackle rising crime. We show that while the year 1993 stands out as a key point in the growing trajectory of punitiveness in England and Wales, the ideas and rhetoric around ‘toughness’ in the criminal justice system can be traced back much further than this. Our article brings these matters to the attention of political scientists and demonstrates how historical institutionalist thinking can guide and inform interdisciplinary work at the interface between political science and criminology.