Carbon Credits Required to Make Manure Biogas Plants Economic

Carbon Credits Required to Make Manure Biogas Plants Economic
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使粪便沼气厂经济化所需的碳信用额

DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. D. Checkel
M. D. Checkel
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
E. Ghafoori;P. Flynn;M. D. Checkel

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混合农业区的粪便厌氧消化(AD)可以产生沼气，从中可以生产电力或管道级天然气。在这项研究中，计算了不同规模的植物接受来自多个来源的粪便的AD植物的电力和天然气成本以及碳减排。研究区是艾伯塔省赤鹿县，典型的混业经营地区。成本是基于对AD工厂的粪便和沼气的运输和处理成本的详细分析；发电的碳减排是根据煤炭和天然气发电的置换计算的。用于支付AD电力或天然气成本的每吨二氧化碳所需的碳信用价值是在两种情况下计算的：天然气和电力销售，以及天然气和电力销售加上补贴，对于发电情况，再加上余热销售。电力和天然气的成本显示出显著的规模经济，最低的成本来自一家AD工厂处理整个县的粪便。用来支付粪便AD处理成本所需的碳信用额度超过每吨二氧化碳125美元。这些结果表明，在当前碳信用额度的情况下，AD处理混合农区的粪便是不经济的。其他可能促使AD处理来自混合农区的粪便的因素是水质、气味控制和土壤中过量的磷酸盐水平。
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure in mixed farming areas can produce biogas from which electrical power or pipeline grade natural gas can be produced. In this study, the cost of power and gas and the carbon emission reduction from AD plants receiving manure from multiple sources is calculated for plants of varying scale. The study area is Red Deer County, Alberta, a typical mixed farming area. Costs are based on a detailed analysis of manure and digestate transport and processing costs at an AD plant; carbon emission reductions from power generation are calculated for displacement of coal and natural gas sourced power. The required value of carbon credit in dollars per tonne of CO2 to cover the cost of AD power or gas is calculated for two cases: gas and power sale, and gas and power sale plus a subsidy plus, for the power generation cases, the sale of waste heat. The cost of power and gas shows a significant economy of scale, with the lowest cost coming from a single AD plant processing manure from the entire county. The required carbon credit to cover the cost of AD processing of manure is greater than $125 per tonne of CO2. These results show that AD treatment of manure from mixed farming areas is not economic given current values of carbon credits. Other factors that might motivate AD processing of manure from mixed farming areas are issues of water quality, odor control, and excess phosphate levels in soils.