The Economy of Supply: Modeling Obsidian Procurement and Craft Provisioning at a Central Mexican Urban Center
The Economy of Supply: Modeling Obsidian Procurement and Craft Provisioning at a Central Mexican Urban Center
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供应经济：墨西哥中部城市中心的黑曜石采购和工艺供应建模
DOI：
10.1017/s1045663500004375
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
K. Hirth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Hirth
本文考察了墨西哥Xochicalco的黑曜石工匠在公元650年至900年间获得生产棱镜刀片所需的原材料的方式。这篇论文模拟了工匠们可以用来获得这种黑曜石的七种不同形式的直接、间接和机构采购。利用从国内四个车间收集的两种信息，对这七种采购模式进行了评估：(1)来源分析（NAA， PIXE），以确定黑曜石的来源；(2)技术分析，以确定黑曜石进入车间的形式。结果表明，Xochicalco的工匠很可能是通过定期访问Xochicalco的流动工匠提供的。接近枯竭的压力芯被卖给了Xochicalco的工匠，他们使用手持式刀片去除技术使其恢复活力，以生产额外的棱柱刀片。结果表明：(1)当多种形式的数据被纳入分配方法时，可以区分不同形式的工艺供应；(2)独立的国内工艺专家是中美洲经济的基础，他们个人负责原材料的采购和成品的分配；(3)无论是国家机构还是指导他们的精英，参与采购黑曜石为工艺专家谁生产有价值的工具。
This article examines the way that obsidian craftsmen at Xochicalco, Mexico obtained the raw material needed to produce prismatic blades at the site between A.D. 650 and 900. The paper models seven different forms of direct, indirect, and institutional procurement that craftsmen could have used to obtain this obsidian. These seven procurement models are evaluated using two types of information collected from four domestic workshops: (1) source analysis (NAA, PIXE) to identify where obsidian came from, and (2) technological analysis to determine the form in which obsidian entered workshops. The results indicate that Xochicalco craftsmen most likely were provisioned through itinerant craftsmen who periodically visited Xochicalco. Pressure cores nearing exhaustion were sold to Xochicalco craftsmen who rejuvenated them to produce additional prismatic blades using a hand-held blade removal technology. The results indicate that: (1) different forms of craft provisioning can be differentiated when multiple forms of data are incorporated into the distributional approach, (2) independent domestic craft specialists were the foundation for Mesoamerican economy and were individually responsible for the procurement of raw materials and the distribution of finished products, and (3) neither state institutions, nor the elite who directed them, were involved in the procurement of obsidian for craft specialists who produced valued tools.