Impact of transnational land acquisitions on local food security and dietary diversity

Impact of transnational land acquisitions on local food security and dietary diversity
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跨国土地收购对当地粮食安全和饮食多样性的影响

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2020535118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rulli, Maria Cristina
Rulli, Maria Cristina
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Müller, Marc F.;Penny, Gopal;Niles, Meredith T.;Ricciardi, Vincent;Chiarelli, Davide Danilo;Davis, Kyle Frankel;Dell’Angelo, Jampel;D’Odorico, Paolo;Rosa, Lorenzo;Rulli, Maria Cristina

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在过去二十年中,外国投资者获得了大约9千万公顷的农业用地。这些投资对当地粮食安全的影响尚不清楚。虽然增加耕地和集约化农业可能会增加作物产量,但优先选择优质农业用地和向出口导向型作物过渡可能会影响当地获得营养食品的机会。我们通过对现有土地特许权对粮食安全影响的全球系统分析来检验这些假设。我们将农业、遥感和住户调查数据(可在11个撒哈拉以南非洲国家获得)与39个国家160宗土地征用的地理参考信息结合起来。我们发现,种植作物类型的预期变化通常意味着向能量丰富但营养贫乏的作物过渡,这些作物主要面向出口市场。对粮食生产和获取的具体影响因区域而异。这些交易可能对东欧和拉丁美洲的粮食安全影响不大,因为这些交易主要发生在现有出口导向型作物的农业地区,而且无论土地交易如何,这些地区的农业都将扩大和加强。这与亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲形成鲜明对比,在那里,交易与作物生产的扩张和集约化(在亚洲)有关。这些地区的交易也使生产从当地主食转移,与此同时,撒哈拉以南非洲地区受调查家庭的饮食多样性也在逐渐减少。总之,这些发现指出了一个悖论,即土地交易可以在增加作物产量的同时威胁到当地的粮食安全。
Foreign investors have acquired approximately 90 million hectares of land for agriculture over the past two decades. The effects of these investments on local food security remain unknown. While additional cropland and intensified agriculture could potentially increase crop production, preferential targeting of prime agricultural land and transitions toward export-bound crops might affect local access to nutritious foods. We test these hypotheses in a global systematic analysis of the food security implications of existing land concessions. We combine agricultural, remote sensing, and household survey data (available in 11 sub-Saharan African countries) with georeferenced information on 160 land acquisitions in 39 countries. We find that the intended changes in cultivated crop types generally imply transitions toward energy-rich, but nutrient-poor, crops that are predominantly destined for export markets. Specific impacts on food production and access vary substantially across regions. Deals likely have little effect on food security in eastern Europe and Latin America, where they predominantly occur within agricultural areas with current export-oriented crops, and where agriculture would have both expanded and intensified regardless of the land deals. This contrasts with Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where deals are associated with both an expansion and intensification (in Asia) of crop production. Deals in these regions also shift production away from local staples and coincide with a gradually decreasing dietary diversity among the surveyed households in sub-Saharan Africa. Together, these findings point to a paradox, where land deals can simultaneously increase crop production and threaten local food security.
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