Differential effects of visual feedback on subjective visual vertical accuracy and precision.
Differential effects of visual feedback on subjective visual vertical accuracy and precision.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0049311
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tarnutzer AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bjasch D;Bockisch CJ;Straumann D;Tarnutzer AA
大脑通过整合多个感觉信号来构建重力垂直的内部估计。在黑暗中，在垂直度估计系统的头滚动相关的错误，如主观视觉垂直（SVV）测量，发生。我们假设每次试验后的视觉反馈会导致准确性增加，因为生理调节错误（A-/E效应）可能基于中央计算机制，并调查了这种改善是否与感知垂直的适应性变化或更高的认知策略有关。我们要求12名健康的人类受试者在不同的头部滚动位置（0至120度右耳向下，15度台阶）将发光箭头调整为垂直。每次调整后，提供视觉反馈（灯亮，显示先前调整和地球垂直交叉）。对照试验包括SVV调整，没有反馈。在具有最大A效应的头侧倾角（90 °、105 °和120 °）处，视觉反馈显著降低了误差（p<0.001），即侧倾补偿不足降低，而SVV的精度没有显著影响（p>0.05）。在7名受试者中，在90度、105度和120度头侧滚时完成了两个连续块（首先有视觉反馈，然后没有视觉反馈）的额外会话。在这些位置，先前视觉反馈块的误差减少在连续18-24分钟（反馈后块）内保持显著，即，仍与对照试验有显著差异（p<0.002）。12名受试者中有11名报告说，他们有意识地根据视觉反馈在他们的垂直感知上增加了一个偏差，以尽量减少错误。我们得出结论，视觉反馈对SVV准确性的改善，在消除反馈≥18 min后仍然有效，而不是通过调整重力垂直的内部估计而产生的认知策略。因此，SVV背后的机制保持稳定，这也得到了SVV精度（主要取决于耳石输入）不受视觉反馈影响的事实的支持。
The brain constructs an internal estimate of the gravitational vertical by integrating multiple sensory signals. In darkness, systematic head-roll dependent errors in verticality estimates, as measured by the subjective visual vertical (SVV), occur. We hypothesized that visual feedback after each trial results in increased accuracy, as physiological adjustment errors (A−/E-effect) are likely based on central computational mechanisms and investigated whether such improvements were related to adaptational shifts of perceived vertical or to a higher cognitive strategy. We asked 12 healthy human subjects to adjust a luminous arrow to vertical in various head-roll positions (0 to 120deg right-ear down, 15deg steps). After each adjustment visual feedback was provided (lights on, display of previous adjustment and of an earth-vertical cross). Control trials consisted of SVV adjustments without feedback. At head-roll angles with the largest A-effect (90, 105, and 120deg), errors were reduced significantly (p<0.001) by visual feedback, i.e. roll under-compensation decreased, while precision of SVV was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced. In seven subjects an additional session with two consecutive blocks (first with, then without visual feedback) was completed at 90, 105 and 120deg head-roll. In these positions the error-reduction by the previous visual feedback block remained significant over the consecutive 18–24 min (post-feedback block), i.e., was still significantly (p<0.002) different from the control trials. Eleven out of 12 subjects reported having consciously added a bias to their perceived vertical based on visual feedback in order to minimize errors. We conclude that improvements of SVV accuracy by visual feedback, which remained effective after removal of feedback for ≥18 min, rather resulted from a cognitive strategy than by adapting the internal estimate of the gravitational vertical. The mechanisms behind the SVV therefore, remained stable, which is also supported by the fact that SVV precision – depending mostly on otolith input - was not affected by visual feedback.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Körding, KP;Wolpert, DM
通讯作者：
Wolpert, DM
影响因子：
2
作者：
Jaggi-Schwarz, K;Hess, BJM
通讯作者：
Hess, BJM
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09199.x
发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
OTOLITH FUNCTION IN SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND MOVEMENT
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anastasopoulos, D;Bronstein, A;Dichgans, J
通讯作者：
Dichgans, J
影响因子：
--
作者：
ASCH, SE;WITKIN, HA
通讯作者：
WITKIN, HA
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
De Vrijer, M.;Medendorp, W. P.;Van Gisbergen, J. A. M.
通讯作者：
Van Gisbergen, J. A. M.