Simultaneous measurement of urinary total nicotine and cotinine as biomarkers of active and passive smoking among Japanese individuals
Simultaneous measurement of urinary total nicotine and cotinine as biomarkers of active and passive smoking among Japanese individuals
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DOI：
10.1007/s12199-012-0307-5
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hara, Megumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matsumoto, Akiko;Matsumoto, Akane;Hara, Megumi
测量尿可替宁是一种流行的和成熟的方法，生物监测暴露于烟草烟雾。然而，可替宁较低的检出限常常妨碍对被动（二手）吸烟的评价，这与未转化的尼古丁一起，并不能反映实际的接触水平。此外，一部分日本人代谢尼古丁的能力可能有所下降。因此，进行本研究是为了验证同时分析游离尼古丁和可替宁及其葡萄糖醛酸盐的总浓度，以确定自愿和非自愿接触香烟烟雾的实际水平。采用气相色谱-质谱法对118名日本吸烟者和117名非吸烟者的尿液样本进行了分析。自愿和非自愿吸烟状况是自我报告的，工作场所吸烟限制是客观评估的。所有浓度的综合和显示尼古丁和可替宁的总水平（游离和葡萄糖醛酸盐）相对于游离水平高2.2倍和2.4倍。吸烟者总尼古丁和可替宁的中位数（四分位数）分别为1635（2222）和3948 (3512)ng/mL，非吸烟者为3.5（5.3）和2.8 (4.2)ng/mL。21%的吸烟者和54%的非吸烟者尿中尼古丁浓度高于可替宁。尼古丁和可替宁水平与吸烟习惯显著相关，也与不吸烟者的工作场所和家庭环境显著相关。本方法可以监测自愿和非自愿接触烟草烟雾。测量尿中总尼古丁水平可能有助于分析非吸烟者接触香烟的情况。
Measuring urinary cotinine is a popular and established method of biologically monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. However, the lower detection limit of cotinine often impedes the evaluation of passive (second-hand) smoking and this, together with unconverted nicotine, does not reflect actual levels of exposure. Furthermore, a portion of the Japanese population might have decreased ability to metabolize nicotine. The present study was therefore carried out to validate the simultaneous analysis of total concentrations of free nicotine and cotinine and their glucuronides to determine actual levels of voluntary and involuntary exposure to cigarette smoke.Urine samples from 118 Japanese smokers and 117 non-smokers were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Voluntary and involuntary smoking status was self-reported and workplace smoking restrictions were objectively evaluated.The integrated sum of all concentrations showed 2.2- and 2.4-fold higher total levels (free and glucuronide) of nicotine and cotinine relative to the free levels. Median (quartiles) of total nicotine and cotinine were 1635 (2222) and 3948 (3512) ng/mL in smokers, and 3.5 (5.3) and 2.8 (4.2) ng/mL in non-smokers. Concentrations of urinary nicotine were higher than those of cotinine in 21 % of smokers and in 54 % of non-smokers. Nicotine and cotinine levels were significantly associated with a smoking habit, as well as being significantly associated with the workplace and home environments of non-smokers.The present method can monitor voluntary and involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Measuring total urinary nicotine levels might be useful for analyzing exposure to cigarette smoke among non-smokers.