On the surface impact of Arctic stratospheric ozone extremes
On the surface impact of Arctic stratospheric ozone extremes
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094003
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Solomon, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calvo, N.;Polvani, L. M.;Solomon, S.
综合平流层解析大气模型，具有交互式平流层臭氧化学，与海洋、海冰和陆地成分相结合，用于探索北极平流层春季大臭氧异常对对流层和地表的影响。许多研究已经确定了南极臭氧空洞与南半球气候之间的耦合，但北极臭氧损失与地表气候的联系却更难以阐明。通过对 1955 年至 2005 年期间所有已知自然和人为强迫的历史整合进行分析，我们发现极低的平流层臭氧变化能够在北半球大部分地区（尤其是北大西洋和欧亚大陆）4 月和 5 月的对流层风、温度和降水方面产生大而强烈的异常。此外，这些由臭氧引起的地表异常现象是在20世纪最后二十年才获得的，当时高浓度的臭氧消耗物质会产生足够强的平流层温度异常，从而影响地表气候。我们的研究结果表明，化学和动力学之间的耦合对于完整地表征南极洲和北极的地表气候变率和气候变化至关重要。
A comprehensive stratosphere-resolving atmospheric model, with interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry, coupled to ocean, sea ice and land components is used to explore the tropospheric and surface impacts of large springtime ozone anomalies in the Arctic stratosphere. Coupling between the Antarctic ozone hole and Southern Hemisphere climate has been identified in numerous studies, but connections of Arctic ozone loss to surface climate have been more difficult to elucidate. Analyzing an ensemble of historical integrations with all known natural and anthropogenic forcings specified over the period 1955-2005, we find that extremely low stratospheric ozone changes are able to produce large and robust anomalies in tropospheric wind, temperature and precipitation in April and May over large portions of the Northern Hemisphere (most notably over the North Atlantic and Eurasia). Further, these ozone-induced surface anomalies are obtained only in the last two decades of the 20th century, when high concentrations of ozone depleting substances generate sufficiently strong stratospheric temperature anomalies to impact the surface climate. Our findings suggest that coupling between chemistry and dynamics is essential for a complete representation of surface climate variability and climate change not only in Antarctica but also in the Arctic.