Hunting Behavior of Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Hunting Behavior of Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
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乌干达基巴莱国家公园 Ngogo 黑猩猩的狩猎行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Mitani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Watts;J. Mitani
黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）捕食各种脊椎动物，主要是红疣猴（Procolobus spp.）这两个物种是同域的。不同种群的狩猎频率和成功率存在差异，狩猎是否是合作的，即，个体狩猎者的收益随着群体的规模、狩猎者在空间和时间上协调行动的程度以及狩猎对红疣猴种群的影响而增加。此外，狩猎频率随着时间的推移而变化，原因尚不清楚。我们提出了关于乌干达基巴莱国家公园恩戈戈黑猩猩狩猎的新数据，并将其与早期数据相结合（Mitani和Watts，1999，Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 109：439-454），以检查狩猎频率和成功，季节性和合作。Ngogo社区是所有已知社区中最大的，男性最多。那里的黑猩猩主要猎杀红疣猴，比其他地方的黑猩猩更成功，每次猎杀的数量也更多;它们每年杀死6-12%的红疣猴。狩猎的数量和每次狩猎的肉类摄入量随着猎人的数量而增加，但人均肉类摄入量与狩猎派对的规模无关;这表明作弊发生在大型派对中。一些行为合作发生。狩猎成功率和估计的肉类摄入量在男性之间差异很大，部分原因是统治地位的影响。尽管消费者人数众多，但总体成功率高导致人均肉类摄入量相对较高。狩猎和狩猎巡逻的频率随着成熟水果的可获得性而正变化;这是狩猎频率与其他食物可获得性之间关系的第一个定量证明，这意味着当黑猩猩可以很容易地从其他来源满足能量需求时，它们狩猎最多。我们提供了第一个定量支持的论点，树冠结构的变化影响狩猎红疣猴的决定，因为狩猎更容易树冠被打破。
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) prey on a variety of vertebrates, mostly on red colobus (Procolobus spp.) where the two species are sympatric. Variation across population occurs in hunting frequency and success, in whether hunting is cooperative, i.e., payoffs to individual hunters increase with group size, and in the extent to which hunters coordinate their actions in space and time, and in the impact of hunting on red colobus populations. Also, hunting frequency varies over time within populations, for reasons that are unclear. We present new data on hunting by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, and combine them with earlier data (Mitani and Watts, 1999, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 109: 439–454) to examine hunting frequency and success, seasonality, and cooperation. The Ngogo community is the largest and has the most males of any known community. Chimpanzees there mostly hunt red colobus and are much more successful and make many more kills per hunt than at other sites; they kill 6–12% of the red colobus population annually. The number of kills and the offtake of meat per hunt increase with the number of hunters, but per capita meat intake is independent of hunting party size; this suggests that cheating occurs in large parties. Some behavioral cooperation occurs. Hunting success and estimated meat intake vary greatly among males, partly due to dominance rank effects. The high overall success rate leads to relatively high average per capita meat intake despite the large number of consumers. The frequency of hunts and of hunting patrols varies positively with the availability of ripe fruit; this is the first quantitative demonstration of a relationship between hunting frequency and the availability of other food, and implies that the chimpanzees hunt most when they can easily meet energy needs from other sources. We provide the first quantitative support for the argument that variation in canopy structure influences decisions to hunt red colobus because hunts are easier where the canopy is broken.