Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Extratropics
Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Extratropics
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DOI：
10.1029/2010jd013884
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发表时间：
2010-02
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通讯作者：
M. Hegglin;A. Gettelman;P. Hoor;R. Krichevsky;G. Manney;L. Pan;S. Son;G. Stiller;S. Tilmes;K. Walker;V. Eyring;T. Shepherd;D. Waugh;H. Akiyoshi;J. A. Añel;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;N. Butchart;M. Chipperfield;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;S. Hardiman;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;M. Michou;O. Morgenstern;Tetsu Nakamura;D. Oliviè;S. Pawson;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;J. Pyle;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;K. Shibata;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita
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作者：
M. Hegglin;A. Gettelman;P. Hoor;R. Krichevsky;G. Manney;L. Pan;S. Son;G. Stiller;S. Tilmes;K. Walker;V. Eyring;T. Shepherd;D. Waugh;H. Akiyoshi;J. A. Añel;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;N. Butchart;M. Chipperfield;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;S. Hardiman;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;M. Michou;O. Morgenstern;Tetsu Nakamura;D. Oliviè;S. Pawson;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;J. Pyle;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;K. Shibata;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita
首次对对流层外对流层上部/平流层下部（UTLS）化学气候模式（CCM）的性能进行了多模式评估。采用面向过程的诊断方法，利用气象分析以及飞机和卫星观测，验证18种集束弹药的动力学和运输特性。尽管模式的水平和垂直分辨率有限，但其主要的动力学和化学气候学特征基本上都能很好地反映热带外UTLS。平流层最低层质量的季节性周期是现实的，但其平均值相差很大。对流层顶逆温层存在于大多数模式中，尽管静态稳定度的最大值位于对流层顶上方太高，并且有点太弱，正如有限的模式分辨率所预期的那样。类似的评论也适用于对流层顶外的过渡层。平流层下部化学示踪剂的季节性与布鲁尔-多布森环流的季节性一致。垂直和经向示踪剂梯度的强度与观测结果相似。表现不太好的模型倾向于使用半拉格朗日传输方案和/或具有非常低的分辨率。两个模型和多模型平均值在所有诊断中始终得分良好，而其他七个模型在所有诊断中得分良好，除了水蒸气的季节性周期。只有四个模型始终低于平均水平。大多数模式中对流层化学的缺乏限制了它们在对流层上部的评估。最后，UTLS的观测样本相对稀疏，限制了我们定量评估模型性能许多方面的能力。
A multimodel assessment of the performance of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) in the extratropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) is conducted for the first time. Process-oriented diagnostics are used to validate dynamical and transport characteristics of 18 CCMs using meteorological analyses and aircraft and satellite observations. The main dynamical and chemical climatological characteristics of the extratropical UTLS are generally well represented by the models, despite the limited horizontal and vertical resolution. The seasonal cycle of lowermost stratospheric mass is realistic, however with a wide spread in its mean value. A tropopause inversion layer is present in most models, although the maximum in static stability is located too high above the tropopause and is somewhat too weak, as expected from limited model resolution. Similar comments apply to the extratropical tropopause transition layer. The seasonality in lower stratospheric chemical tracers is consistent with the seasonality in the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Both vertical and meridional tracer gradients are of similar strength to those found in observations. Models that perform less well tend to use a semi-Lagrangian transport scheme and/or have a very low resolution. Two models, and the multimodel mean, score consistently well on all diagnostics, while seven other models score well on all diagnostics except the seasonal cycle of water vapor. Only four of the models are consistently below average. The lack of tropospheric chemistry in most models limits their evaluation in the upper troposphere. Finally, the UTLS is relatively sparsely sampled by observations, limiting our ability to quantitatively evaluate many aspects of model performance.