Cannabis use and later life outcomes
Cannabis use and later life outcomes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02221.x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Boden, Joseph M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fergusson, David M.;Boden, Joseph M.
目的 研究青春期和成年初期吸食大麻的程度与后来的教育、经济、就业、关系满意度和生活满意度结果之间的关联。设计 对新西兰出生队列进行一项纵向研究，研究年龄为 25 岁。测量 测量： 14-25 岁吸食大麻； 25岁之前获得大学学位； 25岁时的收入； 21-25 年间的福利依赖；失业21-25年；关系质量；生活满意度。此外，还衡量儿童社会经济劣势、家庭逆境、儿童和青少年早期的行为调整和认知能力以及青少年和年轻人的心理健康和物质使用。研究结果 14-21 岁时大麻使用水平的增加与以下因素之间存在统计学上显着的二元关联： 25 岁时获得的学位水平较低（P < 0.0001）； 25 岁时收入较低（P < 0.01）；较高水平的福利依赖（P < 0.0001）；失业率较高（P < 0.0001）；关系满意度较低（P < 0.001）；生活满意度较低（P < 0.0001）。这些关联根据一系列潜在的混杂因素进行了调整，包括：家庭社会经济背景；家庭功能；遭受虐待儿童；童年和青少年时期的调整；青少年早期的学业成就；以及共病精神障碍和药物滥用。调整后，增加大麻使用与所有结果指标之间的关联仍然具有统计学显着性（P < 0.05）。结论 本研究的结果表明，青春期末期和成年早期吸食大麻的增加与晚年的一系列不良后果有关。大量使用大麻与较差的教育成果、较低的收入、更大的福利依赖和失业以及较低的人际关系和生活满意度有关。这些发现丰富了人们对大量使用大麻的不良后果的认识。
Aim To examine the associations between the extent of cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood and later education, economic, employment, relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction outcomes. Design A longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort studied to age 25 years. Measurements Measures of: cannabis use at ages 14-25; university degree attainment to age 25; income at age 25; welfare dependence during the period 21-25 years; unemployment 21-25 years; relationship quality; life satisfaction. Also, measures of childhood socio-economic disadvantage, family adversity, childhood and early adolescent behavioural adjustment and cognitive ability and adolescent and young adult mental health and substance use. Findings There were statistically significant bivariate associations between increasing levels of cannabis use at ages 14-21 and: lower levels of degree attainment by age 25 (P < 0.0001); lower income at age 25 (P < 0.01); higher levels of welfare dependence (P < 0.0001); higher unemployment (P < 0.0001); lower levels of relationship satisfaction (P < 0.001); and lower levels of life satisfaction (P < 0.0001). These associations were adjusted for a range of potentially confounding factors including: family socio-economic background; family functioning; exposure to child abuse; childhood and adolescent adjustment; early adolescent academic achievement; and comorbid mental disorders and substance use. After adjustment, the associations between increasing cannabis use and all outcome measures remained statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that increasing cannabis use in late adolescence and early adulthood is associated with a range of adverse outcomes in later life. High levels of cannabis use are related to poorer educational outcomes, lower income, greater welfare dependence and unemployment and lower relationship and life satisfaction. The findings add to a growing body of knowledge regarding the adverse consequences of heavy cannabis use.