Muscle coordination, activation and kinematics of world-class and elite breaststroke swimmers during submaximal and maximal efforts
Muscle coordination, activation and kinematics of world-class and elite breaststroke swimmers during submaximal and maximal efforts
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DOI：
10.1080/02640414.2016.1211306
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kjendlie, Per-Ludvik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olstad, Bjorn Harald;Vaz, Joao Rocha;Kjendlie, Per-Ludvik
本研究的目的是描述整个划水周期(SC)中的肌肉激活模式和运动学变量，以及蛙泳在次极量和最大力量力下的不同阶段。表面肌电信号采集于9名优秀游泳运动员的8块肌肉；5名女性(年龄20.3+/-5.4岁；国际游泳联合会[FINA]评分815+/-160分)和4名男性(27.7+/-7.1岁；FINA评分879+/-151分)。水下摄像机用于三维运动学分析，具有自动运动跟踪功能。受试者以60%、80%和100%的努力游了25m蛙泳，每个动作分为伸膝、伸膝和屈膝三个阶段。随着用力的增加，游泳运动员的SC距离减小，速度和划水速度增加。伸膝和屈膝的持续时间、伸膝距离和伸膝开始时的膝关节角度在不同阶段随用力的增加而减小。所有阶段的速度都有所增加。在不同的努力水平上，平均激活模式保持相似，但肌肉表现出比SC更长的激活周期，并且随着努力的增加，整合的sEMG(斜方肌除外)增加。在这项研究中，对优秀蛙泳运动员的肌肉激活模式、肌肉参与和运动学进行了评估，这有助于更好地了解划水以及在不同努力水平下发生的事情。这对优化蛙泳训练，提高成绩具有一定的参考价值。
The aims of this study were to describe muscular activation patterns and kinematic variables during the complete stroke cycle (SC) and the different phases of breaststroke swimming at submaximal and maximal efforts. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was collected from eight muscles in nine elite swimmers; five females (age 20.3 +/- 5.4 years; Federation Internationale de Natation [FINA] points 815 +/- 160) and four males (27.7 +/- 7.1 years; FINA points 879 +/- 151). Underwater cameras were used for 3D kinematic analysis with automatic motion tracking. The participants swam 25 m of breaststroke at 60%, 80% and 100% effort and each SC was divided into three phases: knee extension, knee extended and knee flexion. With increasing effort, the swimmers decreased their SC distance and increased their velocity and stroke rate. A decrease during the different phases was found for duration during knee extended and knee flexion, distance during knee extended and knee angle at the beginning of knee extension with increasing effort. Velocity increased for all phases. The mean activation pattern remained similar across the different effort levels, but the muscles showed longer activation periods relative to the SC and increased integrated sEMG (except trapezius) with increasing effort. The muscle activation patterns, muscular participation and kinematics assessed in this study with elite breaststroke swimmers contribute to a better understanding of the stroke and what occurs at different effort levels. This could be used as a reference for optimising breaststroke training to improve performance.