Dwindling pollen resources trigger the transition to broodless populations of long-lived honeybees each autumn
Dwindling pollen resources trigger the transition to broodless populations of long-lived honeybees each autumn
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00904.x
复制
发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Otis, Gard W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mattila, Heather R.;Otis, Gard W.
1.每年秋天，在北方地区，蜂群从活跃地饲养育雏的短命工蜂群体转移到无育雏的长寿冬蜂群体。为了确定花粉资源的减少是否会引发这种转变，人工加速或延迟外部花粉资源的自然消失，并监测蜂群对育雏活动下降和长寿冬蜂种群发展的影响。推迟花粉资源的消失推迟了蜂群育雏的下降。与控制群体或人工在秋季切断花粉供应的群体相比，花粉供应延长的群体在育雏结束前将工蜂饲养到10月。在整个秋季，花粉供应延长的殖民地比花粉少的殖民地生产更多的工人，但长寿的冬蜂种群的发展被推迟到秋季相对较晚的时候。无论花粉资源消失的时间如何，殖民地都产生了类似数量的冬蜂。平均寿命的秋天饲养的工人呈负相关的育雏数量剩余的殖民地饲养时，工人羽化。因此，长寿的工人没有出现在殖民地，直到育雏饲养下降，这反过来又是由花粉的可用性控制。花粉资源的减少提供了一个强有力的线索，开始过渡到无巢的冬蜂种群，因为它直接影响到蜂群的育雏能力，并间接表明与冬季的到来相关的环境条件恶化。
1. Each autumn in northern regions, honeybee colonies shift from populations of short-lived workers that actively rear brood to broodless populations of long-lived winter bees. To determine if dwindling pollen resources trigger this transition, the natural disappearance of external pollen resources was artificially accelerated or delayed and colonies were monitored for effects on the decline in brood-rearing activity and the development of populations of long-lived winter bees.2. Delaying the disappearance of pollen resources postponed the decline in brood rearing in colonies. Colonies with an extended supply of pollen reared workers longer into October before brood rearing ended than control colonies or colonies for which pollen supply was cut short artificially in autumn.3. Colonies with extended pollen supply produced more workers throughout autumn than colonies with less pollen, but the development of the population of long-lived winter bees was delayed until relatively later in autumn. Colonies produced similar numbers of winter bees, regardless of the timing of the disappearance of pollen resources.4. Mean longevity of autumn-reared workers was inversely related to the amount of brood remaining to be reared in colonies when workers eclosed. Consequently, long-lived workers did not appear in colonies until brood rearing declined, which in turn was controlled by the availability of pollen.5. Dwindling pollen resources provide a powerful cue that initiates the transition to populations of broodless winter bees because it directly affects the brood-rearing capacity of colonies and indirectly indicates deteriorating environmental conditions associated with the approach of winter.