Reston Ebolavirus in Macaques
Reston Ebolavirus in Macaques
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-52283-4_12
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Smith;C. Demetria;S. Fukushi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Smith;C. Demetria;S. Fukushi
在1989年发现雷斯顿埃博拉病毒(RESTV)之前，丝状病毒被认为只存在于非洲。该病毒是在美国弗吉尼亚州莱斯顿的一家检疫设施发现的，此前来自菲律宾的输入性食蟹猴(Macaca Fascularis)死亡，表现出严重的出血性疾病。在这次暴发期间，人们认为RESTV在猕猴和人类之间发生了气溶胶和甲虫传播。除了RESTV，这些猕猴还被发现感染了动脉病毒--猿猴出血热病毒，这种病毒自然发生在非洲猴子身上。1992年在意大利锡耶纳和1996年在美国得克萨斯州爱丽斯市再次发生了一起涉及食蟹猕猴的家畜流行事件。所有这些感染都被追踪到从菲律宾吕宋岛上马尼拉大都市南部的一个灵长类设施出口的猴子。由于与环境法规有关的违规问题，该设施随后于1997年被政府关闭。2008年菲律宾和2011年中国的猪中也出现了RESTV，这两个病例都发生了与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的混合感染。据推测，这些疫情的源头是接触蝙蝠。最近，2015年，RESTV在菲律宾吕宋岛巴坦加斯省的一家灵长类机构重新出现，报告了6只猕猴死亡。尽管在这些实验室的猕猴中感染RESTV具有高致病性，但人类在感染时没有表现出明显的症状。由于与其他埃博拉病毒的基因相似，人们担心RESTV可能会突变成为人类致病病毒，因此，该病毒仍被归类为生物安全4级病原体。
Prior to the discovery of the Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) in 1989, filoviruses were thought to be present only in Africa. The virus was discovered in a quarantine facility in Reston, Virginia, USA, following the deaths of imported cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from the Philippines displaying severe haemorrhagic disease. It was thought that aerosol and fomite transmission of RESTV occurred between the macaques and humans during this outbreak. In addition to RESTV, the macaques were found to be infected with the Arterivirus, Simian haemorrhagic fever virus, which naturally occurs in African monkeys. An epizootic event involving the cynomolgus macaques occurred again in 1992 in Siena, Italy and in 1996 in Alice, Texas, USA. All of these infections were traced to monkeys exported from a single primate facility located south of metropolitan Manila, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. This facility was subsequently closed down by the government in 1997 due to non-compliance issues relating to environmental regulations. RESTV has also emerged in pigs in the Philippines in 2008 and China in 2011 where in both cases coinfection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) occurred. It was hypothesized that the source of these outbreaks were from exposure to bats.More recently, in 2015, RESTV re-emerged in a primate facility located in the province of Batangas, Luzon, Philippines and six macaque deaths were reported.Despite infection with RESTV being highly pathogenic in these laboratory macaques, humans displayed no apparent symptoms when infected. Due to genetic similarities with other ebolaviruses, there is concern that RESTV could mutate to become pathogenic in humans and therefore, the virus remains classified as a Biosafety Level 4 pathogen.