Appetite, the enteroendocrine system, gastrointestinal disease and obesity
Appetite, the enteroendocrine system, gastrointestinal disease and obesity
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665120006965
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
McLaughlin, John T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crooks, Benjamin;Stamataki, Nikoleta S.;McLaughlin, John T.
肠道内分泌系统位于胃肠道，是人体最大的内分泌系统。尽管如此，它的角色和功能仍然没有完全被理解。肠道调节肽是肠道内分泌细胞的主要产物，通过对肠道分泌和肠道运动的影响，在营养物质的消化吸收过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用。传统上，有几种肽，如CCK、多肽YY和胰升糖素样肽-1，被报道会抑制食物摄入后的食欲，即所谓的饱腹感荷尔蒙。在这篇综述中，我们认为，在健康的个体中，这个调节食欲的系统在正常的食物摄入量调节中并不起主导作用，而且没有足够的证据完全将餐后内源性肠肽与食欲相关的行为联系起来。相反，或另外，自上而下、享乐主义的驱动力和神经认知因素可能对食物摄入量有更大的影响。然而，在胃肠道疾病中，这些激素的超生理水平可能对食欲调节有更大的影响，并可能导致其他令人不快的腹部症状，可能是对伤害的先天反应的一部分。需要进一步的工作来更好地了解食欲控制的机制，并释放肠道内分泌系统在胃肠道疾病和肥胖症中提供的治疗潜力。
The enteroendocrine system is located in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and makes up the largest endocrine system in the human body. Despite that, its roles and functions remain incompletely understood. Gut regulatory peptides are the main products of enteroendocrine cells, and play an integral role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients through their effect on intestinal secretions and gut motility. Several peptides, such as cholecystokinin, polypeptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1, have traditionally been reported to suppress appetite following food intake, so-called satiety hormones. In this review, we propose that, in the healthy individual, this system to regulate appetite does not play a dominant role in normal food intake regulation, and that there is insufficient evidence to wholly link postprandial endogenous gut peptides with appetite-related behaviours. Instead, or additionally, top-down, hedonic drive and neurocognitive factors may have more of an impact on food intake. In GI disease however, supraphysiological levels of these hormones may have more of an impact on appetite regulation as well as contributing to other unpleasant abdominal symptoms, potentially as part of an innate response to injury. Further work is required to better understand the mechanisms involved in appetite control and unlock the therapeutic potential offered by the enteroendocrine system in GI disease and obesity.