Water ingestion during water recreation
Water ingestion during water recreation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.006
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Li, An
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorevitch, Samuel;Panthi, Suraj;Li, An
定量风险评估估计了水上娱乐活动的健康风险。风险评估模型的一个输入是水摄入率。一项已发表的研究估计了游泳过程中的水摄入率，但对于常见的有限接触水上娱乐活动，如独木舟，钓鱼，皮划艇，摩托艇和划船，水摄入的估计是不可用的。2009年夏天，进行了两项相关研究，以估计这些活动期间的水摄入量。首先，在芝加哥地区的表面沃茨，调查研究方法被用来描述自我报告的估计饮水量在划独木舟，皮划艇，钓鱼2705人。第二，在室外游泳池，调查研究方法和氰尿酸，游泳池水的示踪剂的分析，被用来表征水的摄入662人谁从事各种全接触和有限接触的娱乐活动。来自游泳研究的数据被用来推导量化自我报告估计量的翻译因子。在表面沃茨，不到2%的独木舟和皮划艇运动员报告吞咽了一茶匙或更多，0.5%的人报告吞咽了一口或更多。在游泳池游泳的人报告吞下一茶匙水的可能性是那些参加表面沃茨有限接触娱乐活动的人的25-50倍。在地表沃茨有限接触娱乐期间，饮水的平均和上限置信估计分别约为3-4 mL和10-15 mL。这些水的摄入率的估计可能是有用的建模水娱乐的健康风险。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Quantitative risk assessments have estimated health risks of water recreation. One input to risk assessment models is the rate of water ingestion. One published study estimated rates of water ingestion during swimming, but estimates of water ingestion are not available for common limited contact water recreation activities such as canoeing, fishing, kayaking, motor boating, and rowing. In the summer of 2009 two related studies were conducted to estimate water ingestion during these activities. First, at Chicago area surface waters, survey research methods were utilized to characterize self-reported estimates of water ingestion during canoeing, kayaking, and fishing among 2705 people. Second, at outdoor swimming pools, survey research methods and the analysis of cyanuric acid, a tracer of swimming pool water, were used to characterize water ingestion among 662 people who engaged in a variety of full-contact and limited-contact recreational activities. Data from the swimming study was used to derive translation factors that quantify the volume of self-reported estimates. At surface waters, less than 2% of canoers and kayakers reported swallowing a teaspoon or more and 0.5% reported swallowing a mouthful or more. Swimmers in a pool were about 25-50 times more likely to report swallowing a teaspoon of water compared to those who participate in limited-contact recreational activities on surface waters. Mean and upper confidence estimates of water ingestion during limited-contact recreation on surface waters are about 3-4 mL and 10-15 mL, respectively. These estimates of water ingestion rates may be useful in modeling the health risks of water recreation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.