Non-random latitudinal gradients in range size and niche breadth predicted by spatial patterns of climate
Non-random latitudinal gradients in range size and niche breadth predicted by spatial patterns of climate
复制标题
由气候空间模式预测的范围大小和生态位宽度的非随机纬度梯度
DOI：
10.1111/geb.12904
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Qiao Huijie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saupe Erin E.;Myers Corinne E.;Peterson A. Townsend;Soberon Jorge;Singarayer Joy;Valdes Paul;Qiao Huijie
热带物种被认为经历并适应狭窄范围的非生物条件。这一观点被用来解释一系列广泛的生物现象，包括纬度多样性梯度和物种形成和灭绝的不同速度。然而，关于这种模式的广泛适用性和潜在的负责过程的争论仍在继续。在这里，我们使用模拟方法来测试两个命题：（a）在基本生态位宽度大小没有变化的情况下，可能会出现实现生态位宽度变化的强地理模式，（B）由于时空气候变化，实现生态位宽度可以显示纬度模式，即使当基本生态位宽度与纬度无关并且扩散能力保持恒定时，也是如此。使用气候模型从过去的120万年，在95万年和现代捕获的性状动态。主要类群studiedWe使用虚拟物种与性状松散地基于plants.MethodsWe模拟生态位宽度和范围大小的纬度趋势虚拟物种使用元胞自动机算法，该算法将网格地理域与三维环境景观联系起来。ResultsIn all simulations，在没有生态位演变的情况下，获得了已实现生态位的强空间格局，已实现生态位显示出仅来自现实的气候时空变化的地理格局。生态位宽度在不同的环境维度上呈现出不同的格局，温度宽度随纬度的增加而增加，而降水宽度随纬度的增加而减少。总的来说，模拟结果模仿了真实的世界格局的纬度范围的程度与土地面积的变化量。主要conclusionsTropical物种可以有较窄的生态位宽度的最高和最低温度范围相比，温带物种仅仅作为环境的空间布局的结果。因此，我们认为，全球非生物环境的复杂时空分布结构观察到的纬度梯度的生态位宽度具有很强的潜力。
AimTropical species are thought to experience and be adapted to narrow ranges of abiotic conditions. This idea has been invoked to explain a broad array of biological phenomena, including the latitudinal diversity gradient and differential rates of speciation and extinction. However, debate continues regarding the broad‐scale applicability of this pattern and potential processes responsible. Here, we use a simulation approach to test two propositions: (a) strong geographical patterns in realized niche breadth variation can arise in the absence of variance in fundamental niche breadth size, and (b) realized niche breadths can show latitudinal patterns as a consequence of spatio‐temporal climate change, even when fundamental niche breadths are unrelated to latitude and dispersal abilities are held constant.LocationGlobal.Time periodSimulations were conducted using climate models from over the last 120 ka, with trait dynamics captured at 95 ka and in the Modern.Major taxa studiedWe used virtual species with traits based loosely on plants.MethodsWe simulated latitudinal trends of niche breadth and range size for virtual species using a cellular automaton algorithm that linked a gridded geographical domain with a three‐dimensional environmental landscape.ResultsIn all simulations, strong spatial patterns in realized niches were obtained in the absence of niche evolution, and realized niches showed geographical patterns deriving only from realistic, spatio‐temporal variation in climate. We noted contrasting patterns of niche breadth in different environmental dimensions, with temperature breadth increasing with latitude, but precipitation breadth decreasing with latitude. Overall, simulation outcomes mimicked the real‐world pattern of latitudinal range extent co‐varying with amount of land area.Main conclusionsTropical species can have narrower niche breadths for maximum and minimum temperature ranges compared with temperate species solely as the result of the spatial arrangement of environments. We therefore suggest that the complex spatio‐temporal distribution of global abiotic environments has strong potential for structuring observed latitudinal gradients of niche breadths.