Christian Bessy and Michel Margairaz eds. Les biens communs en perspectives
Christian Bessy and Michel Margairaz eds. Les biens communs en perspectives
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克里斯蒂安·贝西和米歇尔·玛盖拉兹编辑。
DOI：
10.1007/s40844-022-00245-5
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Kota Kitagawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kota Kitagawa
本文是对Christian Bessy和Michel Margairaz编辑的《从视角看社会主义》的书评，索邦大学出版社，2021年版。书中的观点遵循了法国制度主义的惯例经济学（EC）。基于深刻的历史和社会学调查的丰富的实证研究，这本书挑战了公地的两个程式化的观点。第一个程式化的视角是将公地视为已经汇集在一起。第二种程式化的观点是将公共资源视为残余物，既不属于国家，也不属于市场，也不属于商业公司。这本书提出了一个独特的视角，把公地看作是通过集体行动形成和改革的。从这个角度来看，这本书暗示，当前关于公地的讨论之所以如此匆忙，是因为企业已经开始有意识地管理、利用和培育一些集体的东西来盈利。本文从美国最初的制度主义者约翰·r·康姆斯的观点出发，考察了欧共体研究公地的方法。这一观点强调了欧共体对待公地的方法如何在分析上受益于“共同利益”的双重含义。一种含义是指在一个社区中作为成员和对象的制度化安排而积累和发展或建立的共同资产。二是成员共有的价值体系。这一回顾证实了美国的原始制度主义者和法国的制度主义者都以成为实用主义理想主义者为目标。
This article presents a book review ofLes biens communs en perspectives, edited by Christian Bessy and Michel Margairaz, Editions de la Sorbonne, 2021. The perspectives in the book follow a French institutionalism called the economics of convention (EC). Derived from thick and rich empirical studies based on profound historical and sociological investigations, the book challenges two stylized perspectives of the commons. The first stylized perspective is to view the commons as having already been pooled. The second stylized perspective is to view the commons as residuals, categorized as neither the state, the market, or business firms. The book presents a unique perspective that views the commons as having been formed and reformed by collective actions. From this perspective, the book implies that the reason for the current rash of discussion of the commons is that firms have started to consciously manage, exploit, and foster something collective for profit making. This review examines this EC approach to the commons from the standpoint of an American original institutionalist, John R. Commons. This standpoint highlights how the EC approach to the commons analytically benefits from a double meaning of “common goods.” One meaning refers to common assets accumulated and developed in or established as an institutionalized arrangement of members and objects in a community. The other is a value system shared by the members. This review confirms that both the American original institutionalist and the French institutionalists aim to be pragmatic idealists.