The Myriad Plant Responses to Herbivores
The Myriad Plant Responses to Herbivores
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DOI：
10.1007/s003440000026
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发表时间：
2000-06
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
L. Walling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Walling
摘要植物对食草动物的反应是复杂的。草食动物攻击时激活的基因与草食动物的取食方式和取食部位的组织损伤程度密切相关。取食韧皮部的粉虱和蚜虫对植物叶片的伤害很小，它们被认为是病原体，并激活水杨酸（SA）依赖性和茉莉酸（JA）/乙烯依赖性信号通路。植物基因在近缘昆虫物种中的差异表达表明，一些由韧皮部取食昆虫产生的激发子是种特异性的，并且依赖于草食动物的发育阶段。其他防御基因激活的激发子可能更普遍。与病原体不相容反应类似的是，咀嚼昆虫如毛虫和甲虫以及细胞内容物饲养者如螨和蓟马会导致更广泛的组织损伤，并激活伤口信号通路。食草动物进食并不等同于机械伤害。创伤反应是伴随食草动物摄食的诱导反应的一部分。草食动物诱导直接防御，干扰草食动物的摄食，生长和发育，繁殖力和生育力。此外，食草动物诱导一系列挥发物，创造了一种间接的防御机制。挥发性混合物提供特定的线索，吸引食草寄生虫和捕食者感染植物。挥发性生产的激发子的性质进行了讨论。
AbstractPlant responses to herbivores are complex. Genes activated on herbivore attack are strongly correlated with the mode of herbivore feeding and the degree of tissue damage at the feeding site. Phloem-feeding whiteflies and aphids that produce little injury to plant foliage are perceived as pathogens and activate the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways. Differential expression of plant genes in response to closely related insect species suggest that some elicitors generated by phloem-feeding insects are species-specific and are dependent on the herbivore's developmental stage. Other elicitors for defense-gene activation are likely to be more ubiquitous. Analogies to the pathogen-incompatible reactions are found. Chewing insects such as caterpillars and beetles and cell-content feeders such as mites and thrips cause more extensive tissue damage and activate wound-signaling pathways. Herbivore feeding is not equivalent to mechanical wounding. Wound responses are a part of the induced responses that accompany herbivore feeding. Herbivores induce direct defenses that interfere with herbivore feeding, growth and development, fecundity, and fertility. In addition, herbivores induce an array of volatiles that creates an indirect mechanism of defense. Volatile blends provide specific cues to attract herbivore parasites and predators to infested plants. The nature of the elicitors for volatile production is discussed.