Systems Approach to Creating Test Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems
Systems Approach to Creating Test Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ress.2021.107610
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Khastgir;S. Brewerton;John Thomas;P. Jennings
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Khastgir;S. Brewerton;John Thomas;P. Jennings
提高安全性被认为是引入自动驾驶系统(ADSS)的主要好处之一。在车辆中加入ADSS意味着相关软件具有安全关键应用程序，因此需要进行详尽的测试。为了证明ADS比人类驾驶更安全，一些研究表明，它们需要驾驶超过110亿英里。测试里程本身并不是判断美国存托凭证安全性的有意义的指标。相反，ADS在测试过程中遇到的场景类型至关重要。通过基于危险的测试方法，本文提出，测试里程在多大程度上反映了与ADS失败或处理危险的方式相关的基于风险的场景，这是ADS安全保证的一个基本考虑因素。以系统理论过程分析(STPA)方法为基础，对STPA方法进行了扩展，以识别测试场景。该方法已经应用于SAE Level 4低速自动驾驶系统(又名：SAE Level 4低速自动驾驶系统)的实际案例研究。航天飞机)。本文讨论了STPA分析和一种新开发的基于STPA的测试场景生成方法。
Increased safety has been advocated as one of the major benefits of the introduction of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). Incorporation of ADSs in vehicles means that associated software has safety critical application, thus requiring exhaustive testing. To prove ADSs are safer than human drivers, some work has suggested that they will need to be driven for over 11 billion miles. The number of test miles driven is not, by itself, a meaningful metric for judging the safety of ADSs. Rather, the types of scenarios encountered by the ADSs during testing are critically important.With a Hazard Based Testing approach, this paper proposes that the extent to which testing miles are‘smart miles’that reflect hazard-based scenarios relevant to the way in which an ADS fails or handles hazards is a fundamental, if not pivotal, consideration for safety-assurance of ADSs. Using Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method as a foundation, an extension to the STPA method has been developed to identify test scenarios. The approach has been applied to a real-world case study of a SAE Level 4 Low-Speed Automated Driving system (a.k.a. a shuttle). This paper, discusses the STPA analysis and a newly-developed test scenarios creation method derived from STPA.