Successful voluntary conservation of raptor nests under intensive forestry pressure in a boreal landscape
Successful voluntary conservation of raptor nests under intensive forestry pressure in a boreal landscape
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在北方景观的密集林业压力下成功自愿保护猛禽巢穴
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
T. Laaksonen
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Santangeli;H. Lehtoranta;T. Laaksonen
由于自然保护的资源往往是有限的，因此需要具有成本效益的保护策略。当具有高生物多样性价值的地区位于私人土地上时，应寻求土地所有者自愿参与保护。自愿项目在实现保护目标方面仍然很少得到实施和评估。从2000年起，在北卡累利阿（芬兰）的私人土地上开展了一项保护计划，以保护猛禽巢穴。土地所有者被建议自愿在他们土地上的鸡尾鹎（Accipiter gentilis）、Buteo Buteo和Pernis apivorus的巢穴周围留出一片森林缓冲区。参与者基于自我激励，不涉及任何激励。该计划的参与率极高（2002-2006年期间，327名接触的土地所有者中有97%参加了该计划）。这种积极的态度减少了森林造成的巢穴损失，从20世纪90年代的54% （n = 327个已知巢穴）到项目开始以来的2% （n = 519个巢穴）。自愿行动被证明是有效的，因为事前-事后-控制-影响分析表明，低缓冲的巢穴（在100米内进行了砍伐，n = 48）与高缓冲的巢穴（100米内没有砍伐，n = 144）的占用率相似。然而，在100米半径内的空地距离越短，占用率越低，因此建议尽可能宽的缓冲区来保留鸟巢的占用率。我们的结论是，基于自愿的方法对于具有成本效益的保护是有用的，在保护实践中应该更多地考虑它们。
Cost‐effective conservation strategies are needed because resources for nature conservation are often limited. When areas of high biodiversity value rest on private land, voluntary participation of landowners to conservation should be sought. Voluntary programs are still rarely implemented and evaluated in their effectiveness in achieving conservation targets. From 2000 onwards, a conservation program was conducted to preserve raptor nests from forest clear‐cutting in private lands of North Karelia (Finland). Landowners were proposed to voluntarily set aside a forest buffer around nests of Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo and Pernis apivorus on their land. Participation was based on self‐motivation, with no incentive involved. Participation to the program was extremely high (97% of 327 approached landowners during 2002–2006 joined). This positive attitude reduced nest losses as a result of forestry from 54% in the 1990s (n = 327 known nests) to only 2% since the start of the program (n = 519 nests). The voluntary action proved effective as a before‐after‐control‐impact analysis showed that low‐buffered nests (which had clear‐cutting within 100 m; n = 48) had similar occupancy as high‐buffered nests (no clear‐cutting within 100 m; n = 144). Occupancy, however, decreased with shorter distance to the clear‐cut within the 100 m radius, and thus as wide a buffer as possible is recommended to retain occupancy of a nest site. We conclude that voluntary‐based approaches can be useful for cost‐effective conservation and they should be considered more often in conservation practice.