Autumn food habits and home-range elevations of Japanese black bears in relation to hard mast production in the beech family in Toyama Prefecture
Autumn food habits and home-range elevations of Japanese black bears in relation to hard mast production in the beech family in Toyama Prefecture
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DOI：
10.3106/041.036.0403
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Furubayashi, Kengo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arimoto, Isao;Goto, Yusuke;Furubayashi, Kengo
研究了富山县日本黑熊（Ursus thibetanus japonicus）的食物习性和栖息地海拔与壳斗科植物生产的关系。在2005-2007年7月至12月的不同时期，研究人员对9只熊（4公5母）安装了GPS项圈。我们调查了每只熊的饮食习惯，利用在gps定位地点发现的痕迹。当绿皮栎和虎皮栎资源丰富时，熊选择性取食油毛榉；当虎皮栎资源稀缺时，熊选择性取食虎皮栎和虎皮栎。当绿足菌和圆齿菌都很稀少时，熊会选择多种替代品，比如鹿茸（Diospyros kaki）。熊的栖息地海拔也因食物垂直分布的不同而不同。在低海拔地区和高海拔地区捕捉到的熊个体，在没有绿皮栎杆的情况下，分别倾向于吃绿皮栎和脆皮栎。因此，灰熊的食性和栖息地海拔高度受到壳斗科植物产量和垂直分布的波动，以及灰熊对灰熊的食物偏好和栖息地周围的食物资源分布等因素的影响。
We examined food habits and home-range elevations of Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) in relation to Fagaceae mast production in Toyama Prefecture. Nine bears (four males and five females) fitted with GPS collars were tracked for various periods from July to December in 2005-2007. We investigated the food habits of each bear using traces found at GPS-fix locations. Bears selectively fed on Fagus crenata mast when F. crenata and Quercus crispula mast was abundant and consumed Q. crispula and Q. serrata mast when F. crenata mast was scarce. When both F. crenata and Q. crispula mast was scarce, bears fed on multiple alternatives, such as Diospyros kaki. Home-range elevations of bears also differed among years in response to vertical distributions of available foods. Individual bears captured in the Q. serrata zone (lower elevation) and F. crenata zone (higher elevation) tended to eat Q. serrata and Q. crispula acorns, respectively, when F. crenata mast was not available. Therefore, food habits and home-range elevations of bears were influenced greatly by fluctuations in Fagaceae mast production and the species' vertical distribution, as well as by factors such as food preference for F. crenata mast and food resource distribution around the home ranges.