Neuropsychotoxicity of Abused Drugs: Clinical and Basic Research and Drug Development: Preface
Neuropsychotoxicity of Abused Drugs: Clinical and Basic Research and Drug Development: Preface
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滥用药物的神经精神毒性：临床和基础研究以及药物开发：前言
DOI：
10.1254/jphs.fm0070159
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Kaneko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiyofumi Yamada;S. Kaneko
甲基苯丙胺是世界上滥用最严重的药物之一。有一些甲基苯丙胺衍生物，例如俗称摇头丸的亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA），尤其受到青少年的滥用。众所周知，甲基苯丙胺、摇头丸、可卡因等精神兴奋剂具有强化（奖赏）作用，长期使用后会导致药物依赖。此外，长期使用甲基苯丙胺会诱发精神病（所谓的甲基苯丙胺精神病），滥用者即使在长期戒断后也会出现幻觉和妄想，其症状类似于精神分裂症。最近的研究还表明甲基苯丙胺使用者存在认知功能障碍。尽管滥用药物的药理主要靶点已经已知，但甲基苯丙胺引起的神经精神毒性（药物依赖、精神病和认知功能障碍）的分子和细胞机制仍有待确定。目前正在进行许多临床和基础研究，以阐明滥用药物引起的神经精神毒性的机制。在这个小型评论论坛上，来自日本和韩国的4个不同研究小组总结了他们关于甲基苯丙胺和其他精神兴奋剂引起的神经精神毒性的机制和治疗的发现和假设。这一系列综述将提供有关病理生理学/发病机制的最新知识，以及开发甲基苯丙胺诱导的神经精神毒性和相关疾病的新疗法的一些提示。FM0070159
Methamphetamine is one of the most abused drugs in the world. There are some methamphetamine derivatives, such as methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) commonly known as ecstasy, which are abused especially by adolescents. It is well known that psychostimulants such as methamphetamine MDMA and cocaine have reinforcing (reward) effects, leading to the development of drug dependence after long-term use. Furthermore, chronic use of methamphetamine induces psychosis (so-called methamphetamine psychosis) in which the abusers experience hallucination and delusions, the symptoms resembling those of schizophrenia, even after long-term abstinence. Recent studies also demonstrated cognitive dysfunction in methamphetamine users. Although pharmacologic primary targets of abused drugs are already known, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the methamphetamine-induced neuropsychotoxicity (drug dependence, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction) remain to be determined. Many clinical and basic studies are currently being undertaken to clarify the mechanisms of neuropsychotoxicity induced by drugs of abuse. In this minireview forum, 4 different research groups from Japan and Korea summarize their findings and hypotheses regarding the mechanism and treatment of neuropsychotoxicity induced by methamphetamine and other psychostimulants. This series of reviews will provide current knowledge about the pathophysiology /pathogenesis and some hints to develop novel therapeutics in methamphetamine-induced neuropsychotoxicity and related disorders.FM0070159