Evidence of a long‐term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series: Consequences: Positive radiative forcing
Evidence of a long‐term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series: Consequences: Positive radiative forcing
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Pic du Midi 数据系列显示对流层臭氧长期增加的证据：后果：正辐射强迫
DOI：
10.1029/94jd00021
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Karcher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Marenco;H. Gouget;P. Nédélec;J. Pages;F. Karcher
由于缺乏准确的长期测量，对流层臭氧增加的速度是不确定的。最近重新发现了在 Pic du Midi 天文台（海拔 3000 米，法国西南部）获得的旧臭氧测量值。本文提供了该站可用的四组数据：(1) 1874–1881 和 (2) 1881–1909，采用 Schonbein 方法；(3) 1982–1984 和 (4) 1990–1993，采用紫外吸收分析仪。结果显示，自二十世纪初以来，臭氧增加了 5 倍，相当于每年 1.6% 的指数增长，尽管在过去几十年中这一趋势可能更高（每年 2.4%）。在该系列的前 20 年中观察到稳定的 10 ppb 臭氧混合比，这代表了前工业时代的臭氧水平。这种增加预计从 1895 年左右开始。1920 年至 1980 年间在欧洲各个高海拔站获得的其他数据与 Pic du Midi 的观测结果密切相关。对对流层臭氧对辐射强迫影响的初步评估证实，臭氧是目前第二大温室气体，自 1800 年以来，臭氧分别造成北半球和南半球辐射强迫变化的 22% 和 13%。如果未来保持这些速率，臭氧将继续在两个半球以不同的方式演变（北半球的最高水平），并且可能对北半球的辐射强迫做出更重要的贡献。
The rate at which ozone is increasing in the troposphere is uncertain due to the lack of accurate long-term measurements. Old ozone measurements obtained at the Pic du Midi Observatory (3000 m high, southwestern France) were recently rediscovered. Four sets of data available at this station are presented herein: (1) 1874–1881 and (2) 1881–1909 by the Schonbein method and (3) 1982–1984 and (4) 1990–1993 by UV absorption analyzers. The results show an increase in ozone by a factor of 5 since the beginning of the twentieth century, corresponding to an exponential increase of 1.6% per year, although this trend is probably higher (2.4% per year) for the last few decades. A stable 10 ppb ozone mixing ratio is observed during the first 20 years of the series, which is representative of the preindustrial era ozone level. The increase is seen to start around 1895. Other data, obtained at various European high-altitude stations between 1920 and 1980, tie in closely with the Pic du Midi observations. A tentative evaluation of the impact of tropospheric ozone on radiative forcing confirms that ozone is currently the second most significant greenhouse gas, responsible for 22% and 13% of radiative forcing changes since 1800 in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. If these rates were to be maintained in the future, ozone would continue to evolve differently in the two hemispheres (maximum level in the northern hemisphere) and could make an even more significant contribution to the radiative forcing of the northern hemisphere.