Plant traits predict inter- and intraspecific variation in susceptibility to herbivory in a hyperdiverse Neotropical rain forest tree community
Plant traits predict inter- and intraspecific variation in susceptibility to herbivory in a hyperdiverse Neotropical rain forest tree community
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12255
复制
发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Dangles, Olivier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cardenas, Rafael E.;Valencia, Renato;Dangles, Olivier
1. 植物/草食动物相互作用研究的一个关键问题是了解哪些植物性状导致草食动物损害的差异。植物化学、物理或物候特征的变化都可能调节物种和个体之间草食动物的损害程度，但这些因素的相对重要性仍然存在争议，特别是在热带雨林等物种丰富的系统中。2．为了解决这个问题，我们量化了厄瓜多尔亚马逊亚苏尼森林动态图 (YFDP) 11 个月内 28 种常见树种的食草动物对树叶的损害。 YFDP 的普查数据使我们能够量化可能影响草食性的树木生态的几个方面，包括叶子周转和空间分布模式。我们测量了重点物种的六项化学特征、八项物理特征和四项生态特征。结合多变量分析和系统发育广义线性回归模型（PGLS），我们评估了物理和化学性状之间的权衡以及所有这些性状对叶食草动物损害的相对影响。3．草食动物受到的损害在物种和个体之间差异很大，叶子平均受到损害的面积超过其面积的 13.4% (2.5-29.5%)。我们发现 28 种研究树种的物理防御和化学防御之间没有显着的权衡。总体而言，叶子大小、抗剪力、纤维素、灰分含量和叶子大小 x 灰分是草食动物损害的最佳预测因子。令人惊讶的是，缩合单宁和乳胶与草食动物的损害没有显着相关性。此外，我们发现草食性和当地树木密度之间没有关系。然而，我们确实发现树木聚类对草食动物损害的影响较弱，而树叶周转率的影响较强。4．合成。在亚马逊西部，叶子通过物理（韧性）、化学（韧性相关元素）和物候（叶子快速更换）特征的结合来防御食草动物，这些特征似乎没有明显的权衡。传统策略，例如缩合单宁或乳胶，似乎并没有强烈参与该社区针对食草动物的防御。
1. A key issue in plant/herbivore interaction research is to understand which plant traits drive differences in herbivore damage. Variation in chemical, physical or phenological traits of plants may all modulate the degree of herbivore damage among species and individuals, yet the relative importance of these factors is still subject to debate, particularly in species-rich systems such as tropical rain forests.2. To address this issue, we quantified leaf herbivore damage in 28 common tree species of the Yasuni forest dynamic plot (YFDP) in the Ecuadorian Amazon over 11 months. Census data from the YFDP allowed us to quantify several aspects of tree ecology potentially affecting herbivory including leaf turnover and spatial distribution patterns. We measured six chemical, eight physical and four ecological traits of the focal species. Using a combination of multivariate analyses and phylogenetic generalized linear regression model (PGLS), we assessed trade-offs between physical and chemical traits and the relative effect of all these traits on leaf herbivore damage.3. Herbivore damage was highly variable among species and individuals, with leaves on average displaying damage over 13.4% (2.5-29.5%) of their area. We found no significant trade-off between physical and chemical defences for the 28 studied tree species. Overall, leaf size, shearing resistance, cellulose, ash content and leaf size x ash were the best predictors of herbivore damage. Surprisingly, condensed tannins and latex did not significantly correlate with herbivore damage. In addition, we found no relationships between herbivory and local tree density. However, we did find a weak effect of tree clustering and strong effect of tree leaf turnover rates on herbivore damage.4. Synthesis. In the western Amazon, leaves are defended against herbivores through a combination of physical (toughness), chemical (toughness-related elements), and phenological (rapid leaf replacement) characteristics that do not appear to be subject to obvious trade-offs. Conventional strategies, such as condensed tannins or latex, do not seem to be strongly involved as a defence against herbivores in this community.