Translating Research into Public Policy
Translating Research into Public Policy
复制标题
将研究转化为公共政策
DOI：
10.1057/jphp.2008.49
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Harold Goldstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harold Goldstein
影响和告知公共政策是积极的生活研究的明确目标。活跃的研究人员，出于改善健康的愿望，经常想知道为什么他们的发现不能更容易地转化为地方，州和联邦政策的“现实世界”的变化。加州公共卫生倡导中心（CCPHA）是一个无党派的非营利性研究和倡导组织，成立于1999年，专门提高对关键公共卫生问题的认识，并动员社区促进建立有效的州和地方卫生政策。作为CCPHA的执行主任和长期的公共卫生倡导者，我认为研究不能更容易地转化为公共政策的两个主要原因：研究只是影响公共政策制定的政治过程的一个因素，研究人员和倡导者往往没有密切合作的经验。然而，研究和研究人员在政策制定过程的关键点上发挥着关键作用。为了强调这一作用，我在这里描述了政策制定过程中的四个关键步骤，在过去的9年里，我们的中心利用研究来帮助领导全州范围内的宣传活动，涉及加州三个影响深远的问题：把苏打水和垃圾食品赶出学校（2000-2005年），增加体育教育经费（2006年），要求连锁餐馆在菜单和菜单板上张贴卡路里信息（2007-2008年）。我们的经验指出，研究人员和倡导者
Influencing and informing public policy are explicit goals of active living research. Active living researchers, motivated by a desire to improve health, often wonder why their findings do not translate more readily into changes in the ''real world'' of local, state, and federal policies. The California Center for Public Health Advocacy (CCPHA) is a nonpartisan nonprofit research and advocacy organization established in 1999 specifically to raise awareness about critical public health issues and mobilize communities to promote the establishment of effective state and local health policies. As the Executive Director of the CCPHA and a longtime public health advocate, I see two main reasons why research is not more readily translated into public policies: research is only one factor that influences the political process by which public policies are enacted, and researchers and advocates often have little experience working closely with one another. Nonetheless, research and researchers have a critical role to play at key points in the policy development process. To highlight that role, I describe here four crucial steps in the policy development process where our Center has used research during the last 9 years to help lead statewide advocacy campaigns on three far-reaching issues in California: getting soda and junk food out of schools (2000–2005), increasing funding for physical education (2006), and requiring chain restaurants to post calorie information on menus and menu boards (2007–2008). Our experience points toward ways that researchers and advocates