High-Alcohol Preferring Mice Are More Impulsive Than Low-Alcohol Preferring Mice as Measured in the Delay Discounting Task
High-Alcohol Preferring Mice Are More Impulsive Than Low-Alcohol Preferring Mice as Measured in the Delay Discounting Task
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00955.x
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Grahame, N. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oberlin, B. G.;Grahame, N. J.
背景：反复的研究表明，高冲动性，当被定义为倾向于选择较小的即时奖励而不是较大的延迟奖励时，与非成瘾者相比，在药物成瘾者和酗酒者中更普遍。评估冲动是否先于成瘾障碍并可能导致成瘾障碍在人类中是困难的，因为他们都有吸毒史。在这项研究中，我们解决这个问题，通过测试酒精幼稚的小鼠从线显示遗传差异，酒精intake.Methods：复制选择线的远交高酒精偏好（HAP）小鼠进行了比较，低酒精偏好（HAP）线以及低饮酒祖线（HS/Ibg）的调整量延迟折扣（DD）的任务。DD任务采用2个杠杆，使受试者在小的、立即的和大的、延迟的糖精奖励之间进行选择。通过根据选择行为上下调整即时奖励的数量，该任务允许估计延迟奖励者的主观价值如何随着延迟的增加而减少。结果：HAP 2和HAP 1系小鼠的反应潜伏期分别比LAP 2和HS/Ibg系小鼠更冲动。双曲线拟合证实，在高酒精饮用线陡峭的折扣。此外，高酒精饮用线表现出更大的会话内增加反应时间相对于低酒精饮用线。没有其他差异（糖精的消费，总试验完成）一致映射到遗传差异在酒精drinking.Conclusions：酒精幼稚的远系小鼠选择高酒精饮酒更冲动与糖精revercers比低酒精饮酒者。这些数据与使用高酒精饮用和低酒精饮用大鼠品系的近交系后代所观察到的结果一致，并表明冲动性是一种先于酒精中毒的遗传差异。
Background:Repeated studies have shown that high impulsivity, when defined as the tendency to choose small immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, is more prevalent in drug addicts and alcoholics when compared with nonaddicts. Assessing whether impulsivity precedes and potentially causes addiction disorders is difficult in humans because they all share a history of drug use. In this study, we address this question by testing alcohol-naive mice from lines showing heritable differences in alcohol intake.Methods:Replicated selected lines of outbred high-alcohol preferring (HAP) mice were compared to a low-alcohol preferring (LAP) line as well as the low-drinking progenitor line (HS/Ibg) on an adjusting amount delay discounting (DD) task. The DD task employs 2 levers to present subjects with a choice between a small, immediate and a large, delayed saccharin reward. By adjusting the quantity of the immediate reward up and down based on choice behavior, the task allows an estimate of how the subjective value of the delayed reinforcer decreases as delays increase. Latency to respond was also measured for each trial.Results:Both HAP2 and HAP1 lines of mice were more impulsive than the LAP2 and HS/Ibg lines, respectively. Hyperbolic curve-fitting confirmed steeper discounting in the high-alcohol drinking lines. In addition, the high-alcohol drinking lines demonstrated greater within-session increases in reaction times relative to the low-alcohol drinking lines. No other differences (consumption of saccharin, total trials completed) consistently mapped onto genetic differences in alcohol drinking.Conclusions:Alcohol-naive outbred mice selected for high-alcohol drinking were more impulsive with saccharin reinforcers than low-alcohol drinkers. These data are consistent with results seen using inbred strain descendents of high-alcohol drinking and low-alcohol drinking rat lines, and suggest that impulsivity is a heritable difference that precedes alcoholism.