Speed maintenance under cognitive load - Implications for theories of driver behaviour
Speed maintenance under cognitive load - Implications for theories of driver behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.030
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Brookhuis, Karel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis-Evans, Ben;de Waard, Dick;Brookhuis, Karel A.
没有驾驶员行为理论在交通心理学领域得到广泛的接受和使用，部分原因是测试许多理论的难度。然而，一类理论，动机理论，可以有效地分为两组，然后可以检查它们之间的差异。一种观点认为，驾驶过程中的控制因素是对某种主观变量（通常是风险）的持续监控和瞄准。另一组则认为，主观变量（如风险）只有在超过一定阈值后才具有相关性。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过操纵旅行速度和参与者所承受的认知负荷来检验这种差异。参与者被要求在驾驶模拟器中以他们喜欢的速度驾驶1分钟。然后，参与者的速度自动增加或减少10，20 30公里/小时或保持不变。然后，参与者被要求保持新的速度1分钟。1分钟后，速度再次自动改变，必须保持一分钟以上，但这一次参与者还进行了第二次心算任务。最后，参与者被要求以他们喜欢的速度再次驾驶1分钟。这个过程重复七次，每次速度操纵一次;-30、-20、-10、+0、+10、+20和+30 km/h。每隔1分钟后，口头任务的难度，努力，风险的感觉和典型的speeds. Results显示的任务难度，努力和风险的感觉的评级的阈值效应，在基线期间和实验速度下降期间的评级之间没有显着差异，直到参与者的首选旅行速度已经超过。此外，即使在认知负荷下，阈值关系仍然是明显的，如果减少。最后，在认知负荷下，驾驶员似乎难以保持低于他们希望驾驶的速度的行驶速度。然而，以超过他们喜欢的速度驾驶似乎更容易保持，至少在短期内是这样。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
No theory of driver behaviour has yet managed to achieve widespread acceptance and use in the field of Traffic Psychology, partly due to the difficulty in testing many of the theories. However, one class of theories, the motivational theories, can be usefully split into two groups and the differences between them can then be examined. One group posits the constant monitoring and targeting of a certain subjective variable, often risk, as the controlling factor in driving. The other group however states that subjective variables such as risk are only relevant once a certain threshold has been passed.In this study we aimed to examine this difference by manipulating both speed of travel and the amount of cognitive load participants were under. Participants were asked to initially drive at their preferred speed for 1 min in a driving simulator. Participant's speed was then automatically increased or decreased by 10, 20 30 km/h or left unchanged. Participants were then required to maintain the new speed for 1 min. After this 1 min the speed was again automatically changed and had to be maintained for one more minute, but this time participants also carried out a secondary mental arithmetic task. Finally participants were asked to again drive for another 1 min at their preferred speed. This procedure was repeated seven times, once for each speed manipulation; -30, -20, -10, +0, +10, +20 and +30 km/h. After each 1 min interval verbal ratings of task difficulty, effort, feeling of risk and the typicality of the speed were collected.The results show a threshold effect in ratings of task difficulty, effort and feeling of risk, with no significant difference given between the ratings during the baseline period and the experimentally decreased speed periods until after participant's preferred speed of travel had been exceeded. Furthermore, even when under cognitive load the threshold relationship was still apparent, if diminished. Finally it appears that when under cognitive load drivers have difficulty maintaining a travelling speed which is lower than the speed at which they would prefer to drive. However, driving at a speed in excess of their preferred speed appears to be easier to maintain, at least in the short term. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.