On perceiving morality and potency: Social values and the effects of person perception in a give‐some dilemma
On perceiving morality and potency: Social values and the effects of person perception in a give‐some dilemma
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关于感知道德和效力：社会价值观和人在给予一些困境中感知的影响
DOI：
10.1002/per.2410030306
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Liebrand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. V. van Lange;W. Liebrand
本研究考察了一个两人的给予困境，其特征是追求自己的利益（不给予）和集体利益（给予）之间的冲突。主要目的有两个：（a）考察沿着道德（善良）和能力（力量）维度操纵的人的感知对合作的影响;（B）考察个体之间在对特定的自我-他人结果分布（社会价值观）的偏好上的预先存在的差异是否会改变人的感知的影响。首先，我们预测并发现，在社会价值观中，合作行为的程度随着他人被视为道德的程度的线性函数而增加。关于对效力的看法，我们发现了一个显著的二次趋势;另一个被视为中度效力的人比另一个被视为高或低效力的人引起更多的合作行为。这些影响的人的看法是不缓和的社会价值。更有趣的发现是，即使被归类为亲社会（合作者和利他主义者）和亲自我（个人主义者和竞争者）的人对他人合作的程度持有相同的期望，亲社会者比亲自我者表现得更合作。这表明，在某些条件下，亲社会者和亲自我者之间的行为差异并不取决于这两种社会价值观之间的预期差异。
The present study examines a two‐person give‐some dilemma characterized by the conflict between the pursuit of own benefits (not giving) and collective benefits (giving). The major purpose was two‐fold: (a) to examine the effects of person perceptions manipulated along the dimensions of morality (goodness) and potency (strength) on co‐operation, and (b) to examine whether pre‐existing differences between individuals in their preference for specific self‐other outcome distributions (social values) would modify the effects of person perception. First, we predicted and found that across social values the degree of co‐operative behaviour increased as a linear function of the extent to which the other was seen as moral. Concerning the perceptions in terms of potency, we found a significant quadratic trend; another seen as moderate on potency elicited more co‐operative behaviour than another seen as either high or low on potency. These effects of person perception were not moderated by social value. More interesting was the finding that even though persons classified as pro‐social (co‐operators and altruists) and pro‐self (individualists and competitors) held about the same expectation about the magnitude of another's co‐operation, pro‐socials behaved more co‐operatively than pro‐selfs. This suggests that under certain conditions behavioural differences between pro‐socials and pro‐selfs are not conditional upon expectational differences between those two social values.