Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) growth and productivity as affected by temperature
Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) growth and productivity as affected by temperature
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DOI：
10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1423
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Al-Khatib, Kassim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kadir, Sorkel;Sidhu, Gaganpreet;Al-Khatib, Kassim
“钱德勒”和“甜查理”草莓光合作用和生产力的耐热性暴露于三个温度制度进行了研究。测定了净CO2同化率（A）、可变叶绿素荧光（Fv）、光系统II效率（Fv/Fm）、相对叶绿素含量、植株生长以及果实产量和品质。高温（40 ℃昼/35 ℃夜）比中低温（30/25 ℃或20/15 ℃）对光合作用和生产力更不利。两个品种的净CO2同化率在40/35 ℃下显著降低，尽管在30/25 ℃下“甜查理”略有下降。“钱德勒”在至少三周的高温胁迫下保持了比“甜查理”显著更高的A率，这表明“钱德勒”可能耐受更长时间的高温暴露。在高温条件下，细胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）均显著降低，与A速率的降低相平行。“钱德勒”叶片比“甜查理”叶片温度低，蒸腾量大，说明各品种在40/35 ℃时采取了不同的耐热机制。Fv和Fv/Fm随温度的升高而变化，表明在40/35 ℃下可能发生了对光系统II的不可逆损伤。高温下两品种气孔导度（g（S））下降的趋势与气孔导度下降的趋势不一致。高温下A率的下降与Fv/Fm的变化比与g（S）活性的变化更相关。营养生长的最适温度为30/25 ℃。在高温下减少A率导致减少总叶面积（LA），地上部，根，叶生物量。草莓根比枝生长对20/15摄氏度以上的温度更敏感。“钱德勒”在20/15 ℃下的果实产量高于在30/25 ℃下的果实产量，表明“钱德勒”在20/15 ℃下的源库关系可能高于在30/25 ℃下的源库关系。果实表皮颜色仅对‘油柑’有温度依赖性。观察到两个品种的花发育和暴露于30/25摄氏度的持续时间之间的二次关系;超过两周的30/25摄氏度可能对花发育有害。无论品种和暴露的持续时间，40/35摄氏度是最不利于坐果的温度制度。
Thermotolerance of photosynthesis and productivity in 'Chandler' and 'Sweet Charlie' strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) exposed to three temperature regimes was studied. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv), efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), relative chlorophyll content, plant growth, and fruit yield and quality were measured. High temperature (40 degrees C day/35 degrees C night) was more detrimental to photosynthesis and productivity than the moderate or low temperature (30/25 or 20/15 degrees C). Net CO2 assimilation rate in both cultivars was markedly reduced by 40/35 degrees C, although there was slight decline in 'Sweet Charlie' at 30/25 degrees C. 'Chandler' maintained significantly higher A rates than 'Sweet Charlie' for at least three weeks of heat stress, indicating that 'Chandler' might tolerate longer exposure to high temperature. In parallel to the decrease in A rate, intercellular CO2 concentration (C-i) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly decreased at high temperature. 'Chandler' leaves were cooler and transpired more than 'Sweet Charlie' leaves, suggesting that each cultivar adopted different heat resistance mechanisms at 40/35 degrees C. There were changes in Fv and Fv/Fm with increasing temperature, indicating irreversible damage to photosystem II at 40/35 degrees C might have occurred. The trend of reduction in stomatal conductance (g(S)) in both cultivars at high temperature did not coincide with the reduction in A rates. Decline in A rates at high temperature was more related to changes in Fv/Fm than to g(S) activity. The optimal temperature for vegetative growth was 30/25 degrees C. Reduction in A rate at high temperature resulted in reduction in total leaf area (LA), shoot, root, and leaf biomasses. Strawberry roots were more responsive than shoot growth to temperatures above 20/15 degrees C. Fruit yield for 'Chandler' was higher at 20/15 degrees C than at 30/25 degrees C, suggesting that 'Chandler' might have a higher source-to-sink relationship at 20/15 degrees C than at 30/25 degrees C. Fruit skin color was temperature dependent only for 'Chandler'. A quadratic relationship between flower development and duration of exposure to 30/25 degrees C for both cultivars was observed; more than two weeks of 30/25 degrees C can be detrimental to flower development. Regardless of the cultivar and duration of exposure, 40/35 degrees C was the temperature regime most detrimental to fruit set.