DESIGN FOR A WORKING MEMORY
DESIGN FOR A WORKING MEMORY
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DOI：
10.1016/s0079-7421(09)51002-x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Oberauer, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oberauer, Klaus
从工作记忆是一个为复杂认知提供表征的系统这一前提出发，工作记忆系统的六个要求被描绘出来：（1）通过动态绑定保持结构表征，（2）操纵结构表征，（3）灵活的重新配置，（4）与长期记忆部分解耦，（5）从长期记忆中控制检索，（6）将新结构编码为长期记忆。本章提出了一个满足这些要求的系统架构。工作记忆系统由陈述性部分和程序性部分组成，每个部分都有三个嵌入式组件：长期记忆的激活部分，通过动态绑定创建新的结构表示的组件（陈述性工作记忆的"直接访问区域"和程序性工作记忆的"桥梁"），以及用于选择单个元素的机制（用于陈述性工作记忆的"注意焦点"和用于程序性工作记忆的"响应焦点"）。该架构提供了两种模式的信息处理，分析和关联模式。这种区别提供了推理的双过程理论的理论基础。
Starting from the premise that working memory is a system for providing access to representations for complex cognition, six requirements for a working memory system are delineated: (1) maintaining structural representations by dynamic bindings, (2) manipulating structural representations, (3) flexible reconfiguration, (4) partial decoupling from long-term memory, (5) controlled retrieval from long-term memory, and (6) encoding of new structures into long-term memory. The chapter proposes an architecture for a system that meets these requirements. The working memory system consists of a declarative and a procedural part, each of which has three embedded components: the activated part of long-term memory, a component for creating new structural representations by dynamic bindings (the "region of direct access" for declarative working memory, and the "bridge" for procedural working memory), and a mechanism for selecting a single element ("focus of attention" for declarative working memory, and "response focus" for procedural working memory). The architecture affords two modes of information processing, an analytical and an associative mode. This distinction provides a theoretically founded formulation of a dual-process theory of reasoning.