The Embryogenesis of the Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: The Establishment of a New Chelicerate Model System
The Embryogenesis of the Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: The Establishment of a New Chelicerate Model System
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DOI：
10.1002/dvg.22717
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Santos, Vitoria Tobias;Ribeiro, Lupis;da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes
海龟是节肢动物门的一员，包括蜘蛛、扁虱、螨虫、蝎子和马蹄蟹。近年来，一些分子实验研究对蜘蛛的胚胎学进行了研究；然而，其他类群的胚胎学却被很大程度上忽视了。扁虱和螨类被认为构成了一个单系类群，即螨纲。由于它们的吸血活动，扁虱也被认为是几种疾病的媒介。在本研究中，我们分析了牛扁虱的胚胎发育。首先，我们开发了一个由14个胚胎阶段组成的胚胎分期系统。其次，组织学分析和抗体染色出人意料地发现，存在一群具有与蜘蛛卵丘相似特征的扁虱细胞。卵丘细胞群也存在于其他螯合物中；这些细胞负责通过骨形态发生蛋白信号来破坏径向对称性。第三，确定了微体罗非鱼的后部胚胎区是分段的。最后，我们确定了短暂性腹侧中线皱纹的存在，以及第四对腿的形成和退化；这些特征可能被认为是扁虱胚胎发育后期的标志。重要的是，大多数上述特征在螨类胚胎中缺失，这表明螨类和扁虱不构成一个单系类群，或者螨类已经失去了这些特征。综上所述，我们的研究结果为改善有关硬蜱胚胎发育的知识提供了基本的共同基础，从而促进了新的螯合模型系统的建立。创世纪51：803-818。(C)2013年威利期刊公司。
Chelicerates, which include spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs, are members of the phylum Arthropoda. In recent years, several molecular experimental studies of chelicerates have examined the embryology of spiders; however, the embryology of other groups, such as ticks (Acari: Parasitiformes), has been largely neglected. Ticks and mites are believed to constitute a monophyletic group, the Acari. Due to their blood-sucking activities, ticks are also known to be vectors of several diseases. In this study, we analyzed the embryonic development of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). First, we developed an embryonic staging system consisting of 14 embryonic stages. Second, histological analysis and antibody staining unexpectedly revealed the presence of a population of tick cells with similar characteristics to the spider cumulus. Cumulus cell populations also exist in other chelicerates; these cells are responsible for the breaking of radial symmetry through bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Third, it was determined that the posterior (opisthosomal) embryonic region of R. microplus is segmented. Finally, we identified the presence of a transient ventral midline furrow and the formation and regression of a fourth leg pair; these features may be regarded as hallmarks of late tick embryogenesis. Importantly, most of the aforementioned features are absent from mite embryos, suggesting that mites and ticks do not constitute a monophyletic group or that mites have lost these features. Taken together, our findings provide fundamental common ground for improving knowledge regarding tick embryonic development, thereby facilitating the establishment of a new chelicerate model system. genesis 51:803-818. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.