Drench Application of Systemic Insecticides Disrupts Probing Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Drench Application of Systemic Insecticides Disrupts Probing Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
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DOI：
10.3390/insects11050314
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Miranda, Marcelo Pedreira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carmo-Sousa, Michele;Garcia, Rafael Brandao;Miranda, Marcelo Pedreira
柑橘黄龙病病原菌是由柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri传播的一种韧皮部限制性细菌。没有治疗方法来控制HLB，预防新的感染对于HLB管理至关重要。因此，我们的研究目的是确定内吸性杀虫剂，如烟碱类杀虫剂，吡虫啉，噻虫嗪，噻虫嗪和氯虫苯甲酰胺（二酰胺）的混合物对CLAs感染的D.柑桔属植物及其对CLas传播的影响。采用电穿透图（EPG-DC）技术监测感染CLas的D.柑橘[Citrus sinensis（L.）Osbeck]“瓦伦西亚”用内吸杀虫剂处理。系统性杀虫剂扰乱了感染CLas的D.柑橘，在某种程度上，影响CLas的传输效率，特别是通过负面影响有关的韧皮部阶段的口针活动。所有杀虫剂都降低了表现出可持续韧皮部摄取（波形E2 > 10 min）的木虱比例（57-73%），在用噻虫嗪和噻虫嗪+氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的植物上观察到显著差异。高接种压力下的CLas传播率（5株CLas感染的D. Citri每株植物和7天的接种进入期）对未处理的对照植物的接种率为93%。相反，当测试植物被内吸性杀虫剂保护时，CLas传播降低到38.8%。我们的研究结果表明，所有的杀虫剂测试提出了一个潜在的减少CLas接种的平均59%，因此，这些杀虫剂可以用来减少HLB的传播。
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is a phloem-limited bacterium that is associated with the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus and transmitted by the psyllid, Diaphorina citri. There are no curative methods to control HLB and the prevention of new infections is essential for HLB management. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the effects of systemic insecticides, such as the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and a mixture of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole (diamide) on the probing behavior of CLas-infected D. citri and their effect on CLas transmission. The electrical penetration graph (EPG-DC) technique was used to monitor the stylet penetration activities of CLas-infected D. citri on sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] 'Valencia' treated with systemic insecticides. Systemic insecticides disrupted the probing behavior of CLas-infected D. citri, in a way that affected CLas transmission efficiency, particularly by negatively affecting the stylet activities related to the phloem phase. All insecticides reduced (by 57-73%) the proportion of psyllids that exhibited sustainable phloem ingestion (waveform E2 > 10 min), with significant differences observed on plants treated with thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole. The transmission rate of CLas with high inoculum pressure (five CLas-infected D. citri per plant and a seven-day inoculation access period) to untreated control plants was 93%. In contrast, CLas transmission was reduced to 38.8% when test plants were protected by systemic insecticides. Our results indicated that all insecticides tested presented a potential to reduce CLas inoculation by an average of 59%; therefore, these insecticides can be used to reduce the spread of HLB.